ISRO's special preparation: NASA and Russian Space Agency will compete, this is the future plan

 

ISRO is preparing to make self-destructing rockets and satellites. This information was given by ISRO Chairman K.K.Sivan himself.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is working on futuristic technologies to compete with US space agency NASA and Russian space agency Roscosmos. ISRO is preparing to make self-destructing rockets and satellites. This information was given by ISRO Chairman K.K.Sivan himself.

According to the news of 'Times of India', while giving information in this matter, Sivan said, 'We are working on a technique in which the rockets will eat themselves completely, so that neither the garbage will fall into the sea nor Debris will form in space. We are looking for a special metal to make the body of the rocket, which can dismantle itself along with the motor. Sivan said, “When rockets take off, sometimes there are some glitches in them. With self-healing materials, they can correct their disturbances on their own.

During this, he mentioned many types of new techniques. For example, quantum based satellites, quantum radars, self bricking rockets, self destructing satellites, self recovering objects, humanoid robots, space based solar power, intelligent satellites, space vehicles, artificial intelligence based space applications etc. . ISRO is also planning to develop a non-hackable communication system. Similarly, ISRO is working on not one or two but 46 such furistic technologies.

The ISRO chief says that the technologies being talked about are being worked on at various centers of the Department of Space and ISRO. If all the centers continue to work in harmony, then very soon we will be able to take these technologies out of the lab and put them into common use.

Chandrayaan-2 and NASA's Lro were absolutely close, ISRO saved such

Last month, the distance between Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter and LRO was very low. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) said that what changes were made from which this incident

Chandrayaan-2_NASA_Lro_were_absolutely_close

New Delhi

Last month, the strange situation came in front of ISRO when Chandrayaan-2 and NASA's Lunar Riconics Orbitter had come close to collide. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has revealed that Chandrayaan 2 orbit was changed to its polar class to protect NASA's Lunar Riconics Orbiter (LRO) in October. To avoid colliding with NASA's LRO near the North Pole, it was transferred from its polar class last month.

Chandrayaan-2_NASA_Lro_were_absolutely_close

Last month, the distance between Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter and LRO was very low. The radial separation between the spacecraft will be less than 100 meters and the closest distance will be only 3 km at the above time and the nearest distance will be only 3 km at the above time. This information was given on behalf of ISRO.

On behalf of ISRO, both agencies believed that the collision avoidance manoeuvre (CAM) needs to reduce such risk. Both agencies agreed that ISRO's orbit will pass through him. Chandrayaan-2 and LRO revolves in almost polar orbit of the moon and therefore both spacecraft come close to each other on the lunar pole.

Data was confirmed in the after-class determination with tracking that there will be no close relationship with LRO in the near future. In order to reduce the risk of confrontation due to space items including space debris and operational spacecraft for satellites in the Earth orbit, it is common to undergo the CAM.

ISRO monitors such cases and changes are made according to the risk. However, this is the first time when ISRO's space mission came in this way and it was a different way.

Indian American astronaut raja chari

Raja chari

Cape Canaveral (USA): SpaceX has sent four astronauts to the International Space Station. 44-year-old Indian American Raja Chari has been made mission commander for this mission. He is a trained pilot of a US Air Force fighter jet.

The other three members are Kayla Barron, 34, Tom Marshburn and Matthias Maurer. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that among the four people who left for space on Wednesday, Germany's Matthias Maurer, who has been described as the 600th person to go to space. He and the other three NASA astronauts should reach the space station within 24 hours.

The vehicle had returned due to bad weather
After a long delay due to various reasons including bad weather, the SpaceX rocket finally took off with these astronauts on Wednesday. Two days ago, SpaceX returned from the spacecraft with four other astronauts back to Earth.

Due to bad weather, there was a long delay in take-off of the rocket. Four astronauts said goodbye to their families amidst drizzle on Wednesday night. Meteorologists had forecast the weather to be clear and it also improved.

These interplanetary travelers returned after 200 days
Significantly, NASA astronauts Shane Kimbero and Megan MacArthur, Japan's Akihito Hoshide and France's Thomas Pesquet returned to Earth from a SpaceX capsule two days ago. He had returned after spending 200 days in the space center.

American astronaut Raja Chari 

Raja Chari was selected by NASA to join the 2017 Astronaut Candidate Class. He reported for duty in August 2017. The Iowa native graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1999 with a bachelor’s degrees in Astronautical Engineering and Engineering Science. He continued on to earn a master’s degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. He is currently serving as commander of the NASA SpaceX Crew-3 mission to the ISS, which launched on November 10, 2021.

Raja Chari  Personal Data:
Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Chari was raised in Cedar Falls, Iowa. He is married to Holly Schaffter Chari, also a Cedar Falls native, and the couple has three children. 

Education:
Graduated from Columbus High School in Waterloo, Iowa. Earned a bachelor’s degree in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado. Earned a master’s degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in Patuxent River, Maryland. Graduated from US Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Experience:
At the time of his selection in June 2017, Chari was a Colonel select in the U.S. Air Force, serving as the Commander of the 461st Flight Test Squadron and the Director of the F-35 Integrated Test Force. He has accumulated more than 2,500 hours of flight time in the F-35, F-15, F-16, and F-18 including F-15E combat missions in Operation Iraqi Freedom and deployments in support of the Korean peninsula.

NASA Experience:
Chari reported for duty in August 2017 and completed two years of training as an Astronaut Candidate. He then served as the Director of the Joint Test Team for the NASA Commercial Crew Program. He is currently serving as commander of the NASA SpaceX Crew-3 mission to the ISS, which launched on November 10, 2021.

Awards/Honors:

Awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Aerial Achievement Medal, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Air Force Achievement Medal, an Iraq Campaign Medal, a Korean Defense Service Medal and the Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal. Named distinguished graduate from the US Air Force Academy, Undergraduate Pilot Training, and the F-15E Formal Training Unit.

Hon’ble PM Shri Narendra Modi launches the Indian Space Association (ISpA)

Indian Space Association

ISpA aims to contribute towards the accelerated development of India’s space industry and making the country a leading player in this segment.

New Delhi, 11 October, 2021: The Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi today launched the Indian Space Association (ISpA) - the premier industry association of space and satellite companies. Also present on the occasion were Shri Ashwin Vaishnav, Union Minister of Communications, Electronics & IT; Shri Ajit Doval, National Security Advisor of India; Dr Jitender Singh, Hon’ble Minister of State – Department of Space; Gen Bipin Rawat, Chief of Defence Staff of India; Shri K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO and Shri Pawan Goenka, Chairman, IN-SPACe.

Speaking on the occasion the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi said: “Today is the day the Indian space sector receives new wings. For 75 years since independence, Indian space has been dominated by a single umbrella of Indian government and government institutions. Scientists of India have made huge achievements in these decades, but the need of the hour is that there should be no restrictions on Indian talent, whether it is in the public sector or in the private sector. In a way, the country has given a new gift to the talent of India's entrepreneurs by opening up India's space sector in its 75th year of independence. Let this collective power of India’s population take the space sector forward in an organized manner. The Indian Space Association (ISpA) will play a huge role in this.”  

ISpA aims to contribute to the Government of India’s vision of making India Atmanirbhar and a global leader in the space arena, which is fast emerging as the next growth frontier for mankind. The association will engage with stakeholders across the ecosystem for the formulation of an enabling policy framework that fulfils the Government’s vision. ISpA will also work towards building global linkages for the Indian space industry to bring in critical technology and investments into the country to create more high skill jobs.  

ISpA is represented by leading home grown and global corporations with advanced capabilities in the space and satellite technologies. Its founding members include Bharti Airtel, Larson & Toubro, Nelco (Tata Group), OneWeb, Mapmyindia, Walchandnagar Industries and Alpha Design Technologies. Other core members include Godrej, Hughes India, Ananth Technology Limited, Azista-BST Aerospace Private Limited, BEL, Centum Electronics, Maxar India.        

“The Hon’ble Prime Minister has demonstrated bold and visionary leadership in unleashing reforms across industries and ISpA shares his vision of making India a leader in space with a strong ‘Make in India’ element. With our large talent pool, growing prowess of home grown technology startups and private enterprises the country is at an inflexion point of what will be a giant leap in the space arena. At ISpA, we look forward to working with stakeholders across the value chain to bring one view of the industry to the table and unlock barriers to growth.” added Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman, Bharti Enterprises.  

Mr. Jayant Patil, Whole time Director - Defence & Smart Technologies, is the first Chairman of ISpA and Mr. Rahul Vatts, Chief Regulatory Officer Bharti Airtel and Director – OneWeb India is the Vice Chairman. Lt Gen. A.K. Bhatt (Retd) is the Director General of the Association. 

Speaking on the occasion Mr. Jayant Patil said: “India has the potential to become a technology leader and frugal service provider to the global space industry. Led by ISRO, the nation has built a formidable homegrown foundation for the next phase of growth and even launched the lowest cost mission to Moon and Mars. Globally, private enterprise are increasingly contributing to unlocking the possibilities of space. ISpA aims to be a forum of the space industry in the Indian private sector and partner the Government of India and other key stakeholders across space industry segments in making the nation self-reliant in the area as well as to become a global service provider. We thank the Hon’ble Prime Minister for his blessings to this initiative.”

Lt Gen A K Bhatt (Retd.) added that “ISpA plans to work in very close coordination with IN-SPACe to further the space vision of the Government.”  

According to ISRO, the current size of the global space economy stands at about USD 360 billion. However, India accounts for only about 2% of the space economy with a potential to capture 9% of the global market share by 2030.

About Indian Space Association

Indian Space Association

Echoing the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision of Aatma Nirbhar Bharat and encouraged by the recent reforms in the space sector carried out by the Government, ISpA aspires to be the collective voice of the Indian Space industry. ISpA will undertake Policy Advocacy and engage with all stakeholders in the Indian Space domain, including the Government and its Agencies, to make India self-reliant, technologically advanced and a leading player in the space arena. 

HAL delivers 'heaviest' Semi-Cryogenic propellant tank to ISRO

State-run aerospace behemoth Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) on Thursday said the "heaviest" Semi-Cryogenic propellant tank (SC120- LOX) ever fabricated by it has been delivered to Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The semi cryo-liquid oxygen (LOX) tank - the first developmental welded hardware is a part of the SC120 stage, intended for payload enhancement by replacing the L110 stage in the existing Mk-III launch vehicle, the company said.

Last year, HAL had delivered the biggest ever cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen tank (C32-LH2) which is four metres in diameter and eight metres in length, much ahead of contractual schedule.

Stating that it has mastered the skills and technologies required for fabricating welded propellant tanks, HAL said, till date, its Aerospace Division has delivered 244 propellant tanks and 95 water tanks to ISRO for the space programmes of PSLV, GSLV Mk-II and GSLV Mk-III of diameter 2.1, 2.8 and 4 meters where the length of the tank varies from 2.5 metres to 8.0 metres.

As a strategic reliable partner HAL has been associating with ISRO for India's prestigious space programmes since the last five decades, and has delivered critical structures, tankages, satellite structures for the PSLV, GSLV-Mk II and GSLV-Mk III launch vehicles, it said in a release.

Various new projects like PS2/GS2 integration, Semi-cryo structure fabrication and manufacturing of cryo and semi-cryo engines are being taken up at HAL, for which installation and commissioning of unique infrastructures are nearing completion, it added.

HAL also pointed out that it has supported ISRO right from the developmental phase of Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment, PAD Abort test for Crew Escape for Human Space Mission and is currently supplying hardware for full-fledged launch vehicle GSLV Mk-III for prestigious Gaganyaan programme. 

GAGANYAAN CREW MODULE

ISRO GAGANYAAN CREW MODULE

GAGANYAAN CREW MODULE

1. What is Gaganyaan Programme? What are the goals/objectives of the Gaganyaan program?

The Gaganyaan Programme envisages undertaking the demonstration of human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in the short term and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration program in the long run.
The objective of the Gaganyaan program is to demonstrate the indigenous capability to undertake a human space flight mission to LEO.
 As part of this program, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by the Government of India (GoI).

What is the total cost of the Gaganyaan program?

The total cost of the Gaganyaan Programme is ~ ₹ 9023.00 crores.

who will go in Gaganyaan mission

ISRO has not yet told who will go to the Gaganyaan mission.

Because ISRO feels that this can spoil the safety of these astronauts.

what is the Gaganyaan crew module?

crew module

The place where astronauts stay during their space journey is called Crew Model.

You can imagine that the Crew Model is the astronaut's home in space.

Gaganyaan Crew Module

The crew model used in the Gaganyaan mission will have a seating position of 3 astronauts. Astronauts will be able to do all kinds of work inside this model. This model will have everything that will certainly be taken for a lifetime.

Crew Module Life Support System

Life support systems are an integral part of a deep space living capability. Habitat systems will provide a safe haven for humans as we travel deep into space, and life support is the key to survival inside a deep space habitat.

Simplified life support system schematic

The simplified life support system schematic shows all the elements of the life support system, including the various processors for waste, air, and water.

NASA's Life Support System (LSS) activities develop the ability to sustain humans who are living and working in space -- away from Earth's protective atmosphere and resources such as water, air, and food. This includes monitoring of atmospheric pressure, oxygen levels, waste management, and water supply as well as fire detection and suppression.

CREW module toilet

If humans have to stay in space for a long time, then they will need toilets in the crew model.

A space toilet or zero-gravity toilet is a toilet that can be used in a weightless environment. In the absence of weight, the collection and retention of liquid and solid waste are guided by the use of airflow. As the air used to direct the waste is returned to the cabin, it is pre-filtered to control odor and clean out bacteria. In older systems, wastewater is removed into space, and any solids are compressed and stored for removal upon landing. More modern systems expose solid waste to vacuum pressure to kill bacteria, which prevents odor problems and kills pathogens.

Successful hot Test of Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System – System Demonstration Model (SDM)

On August 28, 2021, ISRO successfully conducted the first hot test of the System Demonstration Model (SDM) of the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System for a duration of 450 s at the test facility of ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. The system performance met the test objectives and there was a close match with the pre-test predictions. Further, a series of hot tests are planned to simulate various mission conditions as well as off-nominal conditions.

The Service Module is part of the Gaganyaan Orbital module and is located below the crew module and remains connected to it until re-entry. The Service Module (SM) Propulsion System consists of a unified bipropellant system consisting of 5 nos. of 440 N thrust engines and 16 nos. of 100 N Reaction Control system (RCS) thrusters with MON-3 and MMH as Oxidizer and Fuel respectively. The System Demonstration Model (SDM), consisting of 5 nos. of 440 N engines and 8 nos. of 100 N thrusters, was realized to qualify the propulsion system performance in the ground. A new test facility is established at IPRC, Mahendragiri for testing the SDM.

ISRO’s new series of heavy-lift rockets to carry between 5-16 tonnes to GTO

ISRO's new series of heavy-lift rockets that will help build India's space station

ISRO’s new  heavy-lift rockets to carry between 5-16 tonnes to GTO

To attain total self-reliance in the launch of heavy satellites (weighing above 4 tonnes) and to meet future demands, the Indian Space Research Organization is working on a fleet of five new rockets. According to a senior official, the five Heavy-lift Launch Vehicles  (HLV) are in their project report stage. 

In terms of design and appearance, this new fleet of rockets would be quite similar to the existing SSLV, PSLV and GSLV, and GSLV Mk3 rockets, but they would be powered by even more capable, powerful and technologically advanced engines. Presently, India pays and utilises the services of Ariane-5, a foreign rocket, to launch satellites that weigh over 4 tonnes.

Speaking at a virtual event organized by ISRO and CII, N Sudheer Kumar, Director, Capacity Building Programme Office, ISRO, revealed that variants of this new fleet of heavy-lift rockets would be able to place a payload weighing anywhere between 4.9 tonnes and over 16 tonnes in the tonne synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). This is an enormous improvement over the current maximum lift capability of 4 tons that the GSLV Mk3 rocket has performed to GTO. 

GTO is an intermediary orbit (180km at its closest point to the Earth and 36,000km at its farthest point from the Earth) into which heavy satellites are launched by rockets. After being placed in GTO, the satellites use their onboard propulsion to reach a circular orbit 36,000 km above the earth (it is at the same distance from the earth at any given point of time). Being in the 36,000km circular orbit (also known as Geostationary or GSO orbit) allows for communication and monitoring of a large portion of the Earth. three satellites in GSO orbit are capable of covering nearly the entire globe.

According to Kumar, the work to upgrade the lift capability of GSLV Mk3 to 7.5 tonnes to GTO, is on the verge of being concluded. This major upgrade to India’s rocket is being made possible owing to the development of two kinds of rocket engines: a semi-cryogenic engine that burns a special variant of kerosene (dubbed ISROsene) and liquid oxygen; and a cryogenic engine that burns a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The said semi-cryogenic engine stage is dubbed as the SC120, and the upgraded cryogenic engine stage is dubbed as the C32. As per ISRO’s naming convention for rocket stages, the letter (s) refers to the type of engine fuel-Solid (S), Liquid (L), Semi-cryogenic (SC) and Cryogenic (C) and the accompanying number refers to the mass (in tonnes) of propellant carried. Simply put, a rocket is a combination of multiple engines (stages) that are vertically stacked. 

"Soon the stage will be inducted into the rocket, then we will not depend on foreign sources for the launch of heavy communication satellites (weighing over 4 or 5 tonnes)," Kumar said. Regarding ISRO’s ongoing projects, he outlined that work was underway on the full-scale model of the Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD), besides work to scale up the proto-model of the air-breathing engine. For ISRO, these are crucial technologies to master to develop a fully reusable space vehicle dubbed the "TSTO," or Two Stage to Orbit. 

The Director of ISRO’s CBPO also shared the configuration of the fleet of five heavy-lift rockets that were in their project report stage. The configurations refer to new and more powerful rocket stages-SC400 semi-cryogenic stage, the C27 cryogenic stage, and S250 solid rocket booster. Simply put, depending on the type of mission, payload to be lifted and rocket required, different variants of engines would be stacked vertically to run a relay race to space. Each stage would detach from the rocket after propelling the rocket to a certain altitude and speed, then the next engine would take over. This process goes on until the satellite (payload) reaches its final orbital destination.

In terms of materials, ISRO is said to be working on developing carbon-carbon composites, ceramic matrix composite for reusable vehicles, metal-foams for crash landing interplanetary probes, besides crucial components such as solar panels, fibre optics Atomic clocks, deployable antennas, lithium-ion batteries, Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) Devices.

Chandrayaan-2 Completed 9000 rounds the Moon

 Chandrayaan-2: Completed 9000 rounds of Moon, after two years, ISRO said that the orbiter is working well

ISRO chief K.Sivan

On the completion of two years of Chandrayaan-2, ISRO organized a science workshop on Monday. It was broadcast live on ISRO's website and Facebook page.

On the occasion of the completion of two years of Chandrayaan-2, ISRO organized a lunar science workshop on Monday. It was inaugurated by ISRO chief K. Sivan, did it? He told that Chandrayaan-2 has completed more than 9000 revolutions around the Moon. It is providing excellent data to ISRO through the imaging and scientific equipment installed in it.

The eight payloads of Chandrayaan-2 are ISRO chief Sivan said that scientific data is being made available for analysis by academia and institutions so that more scientific partnerships can be done in the Chandrayaan-2 mission.

The two-day workshop of the Indian Council of Space Research (ISRO) began on Monday. It has been organized on the occasion of completing two years while orbiting Chandrayaan-2 in the Moon's orbit.

In his inaugural address, ISRO Chairman K. Sivan said that to date Chandrayaan-2 has completed more than nine thousand rounds. Sivan is also the Secretary of, Department of Space. He released data products and science documents related to Chandrayaan-2 at ISRO's headquarters in Bangalore. Sivan said that the results so far have been very encouraging. In the workshop, ISRO Chairman AS Kiran Kumar said that we are getting excellent data from the instruments of Chandrayaan-2.

Being shown live here

The two-day workshop is being shown live on ISRO's website and Facebook page. Students, academia, and institutions can reach it and scientists can analyze the data of Chandrayaan-2. Apart from this, the workshop will also have lectures on aspects of Chandrayaan-2 mission, surveillance, missions and data collection.

ISRO are open for private companies and space startups.

 ISRO chief Dr. K. Sivan has said that the doors of ISRO are open for private companies and space startups.

ISRO chief Dr. K. Sivan

Indian Space Research Center (ISRO) chief Dr. K. Sivan has said that the doors of ISRO are open for private companies and space startups. They come and share their technology with us, we are ready to give them the best platform.

The ISRO chief was speaking at the inaugural session of the International Space Conference and Exhibition-2021 (ISCE). ISCE has been jointly organized by ISRO, Antrix, NCIL and CII. Space agencies, startups, space industries from many countries are participating in this three-day virtual program. Let us know what other speakers, including ISRO Chief, said on the first day on the changes coming in the space industry.

ISRO chief Dr. K. Sivan said that the corona epidemic hampered the functioning of ISRO a bit, but we and many companies like us also learned to work on the virtual platform. The space industry is doing great work, due to which the world is progressing rapidly.

Satellite based services are running. Opportunities are constantly coming for private space companies. Two American private companies surprised the world by doing space travel. High-through satellites are now coming in mobile technology. Now constellations of satellites are being made.

Dr. Sivan said that the major problems of the space economy are lack of space, lack of frequency, lack of money, lack of agreements and lack of leadership. Space technology will advance through assistance and agreements. Indian Space Agency ISRO has worked on Remote Sensing, Earth Observation.

We work for the betterment of the people. We save them from economic loss by giving them information about bad weather, bad harvest, bad conditions. Private companies of India are now coming forward rapidly. They want to work with ISRO, we are helping them ourselves.

ISRO Chief said that to move ahead in the space industry, it is necessary that the government, academia, industry all three will have to work together. Only then will the space industry move forward. We have received applications from more than 40 private companies.

We will soon finalize some of these together with Dr. Pawan Goenka. Dr. Sivan said that our space startups are coming forward very fast. International companies should work with Indian space startups.

This will benefit both Indian and foreign companies. For this, changes are being made in the FDA. ISRO will continue to work on research and development. ISRO will give the best platform to private companies.

Takes space missions in demand driven mode: Dr. Radhakrishnan

Dr. D. Radhakrishnan, Managing Director of NewSpace India Limited said that we want that the production of space technology related to the world of space should be fast. There should be agreements between companies and startups.

This is our job i.e. NewSpace India Limited. We have to do many space reforms. So that the space industry can be promoted in the country. We take space mission as a demand driven model.

We try to find out the cost of each of our missions. So that other institutions of the space industry can also benefit from the mission. Now Indian companies are making ISRO's launch vehicle i.e. PSLV by Indian companies. That is, rockets are being prepared in the country itself.

We are sharing the technology of making rockets with private companies so that ISRO does not have problems with rockets.

Space ecosystem is growing rapidly in India: Umamaheshwaran

Scientific secretary of ISRO and in-space activities R. Umamaheswaran said that the space ecosystem in the country has grown rapidly. ISRO has made a lot of progress. We will achieve many success in future also.

We are doing the best way to provide space based services. We now have to promote the private sector in this area so that the space industry can be taken forward rapidly. We are looking at what changes can happen in the space industry by private companies.

We are getting many types of offers from private companies. These include companies ranging from rocket development to satellite making and from communication to software. This exhibition and three-day program will give space companies a chance to move forward.

Netherlands' space relation with India is very old: Nico Van Puten

Nico Van Puten, deputy director of the Netherlands Space Office, said that the Netherlands Space Office was started in 2009. It was the task of making space policies for the government of the Netherlands. Creating technology, making components, making satellites, making software related to climate, agriculture etc.

Our country is small, so there will be something to be learned by attending such international conferences. We have an old relationship with India. India helps in developing air pollution and climate, earth observation, nano satellites and components. In every space related problem of ours, India comes out as a solution.

Less to learn from India-ISRO: Anthony Murphett

Anthony Murphett, Deputy Head of the Australian Space Agency said that on behalf of the Government of Australia, we would like to congratulate India and ISRO that both of us countries have done excellent work in Corona and Space Industry.

India and ISRO have taught the world the meaning of space science. When we make compromises, we know that we will get to learn from each other. We will get a lot to learn from ISRO. Australia would like to congratulate the Government of India and ISRO for the Gaganyaan mission.

If India is successful in this task If it happens, it will be the fourth country that will take its people to space with its own vehicle and its technology. We are continuously working with India. This will benefit the space industry of both our countries.

India's share in global space industry to be reduced from 2 to 10%: Pawan Goenka

In-Space Chairman Designate Dr. Pawan Goenka said that India's share in the global space industry is only 2 percent. Whereas India's potential is very high. Tech startups and big companies can together take the country and ISRO forward in the space industry.

I will try to move forward by uniting all the institutions related to the Indian space industry. Make them agree. I want the Indian space industry to go from 2 per cent to 10 per cent of the global share. I will try that soon by setting policies, private companies should be put together.

ISRO share the information on the Twitter 

Dr K Sivan, Secretary, DOS/Chairman, ISRO today (September 13, 2021) was the Guest of honour in the inaugural session of the International Space Conference & Exhibition.
More: https://t.co/jlxP4tzfew pic.twitter.com/pR6B61io93

— ISRO (@isro) September 13, 2021

Is the International Space Station starting to break down? Russian astronauts noticed cracks

 

Nasa

Astronauts from Russia have discovered new cracks in a segment of the International Space Station (ISS). Worryingly, a senior space official warned on Monday that these cracks could widen in the times to come. Speaking to RIA news agency Vladimir Solovyov, chief engineer of Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, said that surface cracks have been observed at some places of the Zarya module.

ISS has time till 2025

Could air leak through these cracks? The official has not clarified anything regarding this. Earlier, the space official had said that most of the equipment of the ISS is now out of date. He also warned that after 2025 these devices could break which would be a very frightening situation. The space station has gone through a variety of events recently. Russian officials last month blamed software glitches and "human error" for the ISS being out of control.

Russia will remain on the space station until 2024

Russia's space agency Roscosmos reported a drop in pressure in the Zvezda service module last month. The Russian space agency has said it will remain part of it until 2024. The International Space Station (ISS), built for scientific experiments in space, went out of control for some time last month due to Russia's negligence. After which the scientists of the American space agency NASA re-established control over the ISS with great difficulty.

narrowly avoided major accident

The incident happened when Russia's Nauka Lab module was connecting to the ISS. During this, the module's jet thrusters were inadvertently kept on for a few hours. Due to which the entire space station deviated from its path. NASA said the crash began three hours after Russia's Nauka science module connected to the space station. Meanwhile, scientists from the Russian Space Agency were doing some reconfiguration work after the module was docked.

US space agency officials said the module's jets inexplicably restarted, forcing the entire station out of its normal flight position about 250 miles above Earth. Due to this incident, the mission flight director had to declare even a spacecraft emergency. According to NASA's Space Station Program Manager Joel Montalbano, the station's unexpected drift was detected by automated ground sensors. After which NASA scientists started several other thrusters and brought the ISS back to its orbit.

Unraveling the mysteries of the Solar Corona: New results from Chandrayaan-2 Solar X-ray Monitor

Unraveling the mysteries of the Solar Corona

chandrayaan 2

Our Sun, being the primary source of energy for our solar system has a significant influence on our lives, and has always instilled a curiosity in humankind.. Though we have a fairly good understanding of the origin of energy and other various aspects of the Sun, several potentially life-changing phenomena still remain a mystery.   Being the nearest star, understanding the Sun also allows us to learn about other distant stars better

Some of these mysteries are related to the hot outer atmosphere of the Sun, known as ‘corona’, which emits profusely in ultra-violet and X-ray wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. We know that the corona consists of ionized gas at temperatures exceeding one million Kelvin, which is much higher than photospheric temperature of 6000 K, the visible surface temperature of the Sun. However, this observation is against the natural expectation that the temperatures should reduce as we go away from the source of energy, and this is known as the ‘coronal heating problem’. From observations, such as the presence of even hotter corona, called active regions above the Sunspots (dark patches seen in visible images of the Sun) where the magnetic fields are known to be stronger, it is suggested that the magnetic fields have an important role in the coronal heating. While there are different theories regarding the actual mechanism, one of these relies on the occurrence of a large number of small solar flares called ‘nanoflares’. Another puzzling observation about the corona is that certain elements are found to have abundances three to four times higher in active regions than in the photosphere. This happens for elements which are easier to ionize, or require lesser energy to ionize. In more technical terms, these elements have their First Ionization Potential (FIP) lower than 10 eV, and hence this phenomenon is generally termed as ‘FIP bias’. The exact reason behind the FIP bias and its origin remains an open question. 

A team of scientists from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, used observations of the Sun in soft X-rays with Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) onboard ISRO's Chandrayaan-2 mission during the deepest solar minimum of the past hundred years to learn exciting details about the solar corona. For the first time, absolute abundances of elemental Mg, Al, Si in the quiet solar corona are derived. The team discovered and characterized around 100 “sub-A class” microflares in the quiet corona providing new insight into coronal heating puzzle.

 The XSM, designed and developed by PRL with support from various ISRO centres, provides measurement of soft X-ray (1-15 keV) spectrum of the Sun. The XSM also supports the quantitative measurements of elemental abundances of the lunar surface using the companion payload CLASS (Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer) developed by URSC, Bangalore, which measures the X-ray fluorescence spectrum from the lunar surface. At present, XSM is the only instrument that provides soft X-ray spectral measurements of the Sun, i.e., measures the intensity of X-ray in different energies over the 1 to 15 keV. More importantly, XSM provides such measurements with very good energy resolution at every second, the highest cadence for any instrument so far.

XSM started observations of the Sun in September 2019, during the period of solar minimum when typically there were very few Sunspots and active regions on the Sun. The solar minimum of 2019-2020 was even more peculiar as the Sun was extremely quiet, and its activity was at the lowest level over the past century. This provided a unique opportunity for XSM to observe the quiet corona without active regions for long periods. The solar X-ray flux as observed by the XSM during this period is shown in the figure. Intervals highlighted with blue color correspond to a period of 76 days when no active regions were present on the solar disk, and XSM was observing the quiet corona.

A remarkable and surprising observation is the detection of a large number (98) of extremely small flares in the quiet corona (see Figure below). These flares are so small that their intensity is well below the standard scale to classify solar flares (i.e. A, B, C, M, and X class flares, where each class is 10 times more intense than previous), and hence these are termed as “sub-A class microflares”. Using the X-ray spectra of these microflares obtained with the XSM and contemporary images in Extreme Ultra-violet obtained with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the energy content of these flares could be estimated. This was the first observation and statistical study of such a large sample of microflares in the quiet Sun, supporting the hypothesis of the presence of even smaller scale flares everywhere on the solar corona that could be responsible for the coronal heating.

The X-ray emission over these 76 days, excluding the durations of the microflares, is unusually constant. This is the lowest intensity of X-ray emission observed from the Sun since space-borne observations began. Analysis of the XSM spectra of the quiet Sun, excluding the microflares, provided the measurement of abundances of various elements. The abundances of the low FIP elements Mg, Al, and Si were estimated and found to be lower than the abundances seen in active region corona but higher than that in the photosphere. This is the first report of measurement of abundances as well as reduced FIP bias in the quiet Sun.  Our observations of FIP bias in the quiet Sun provides significant inputs towards understanding the FIP bias and suggests that it arises due to the presence of Alfvén waves in the closed magnetic loops.

These outstanding science results on the solar corona and heliophysics obtained during a unique solar extremely quiet period using a sensitive instrument XSM aboard Chandrayaan-2 observations are published in two companion papers  in the May issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Both the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and the XSM instrument are performing extremely well, and expected to provide many more exciting and new results.

x-ray_flux_in_1-15_kev_energy_range

Figure : Panels (a) and (b) show the X-ray flux in the 1–15 keV energy range with a time cadence of 120 seconds, as measured by the XSM during two observing seasons. Different background shades represent activity levels on the Sun, with orange representing periods when active regions are present; pink representing periods of enhanced activity visible in both the XSM light curve as well as EUV/X-ray images but not classified as Active Regions; and blue representing periods selected for the present study when no major activity was observed on the Sun. The micro flares detected during the quiet periods are marked with red points, representing their peaks; and red vertical bars, representing their time.

Publications:

"Observations of the Quiet Sun During the Deepest Solar Minimum of the Past Century with Chandrayaan-2 XSM: Elemental Abundances in the Quiescent Corona”

Vadawale, Santosh V.; Mondal, Biswajit; Mithun, N. P. S.; Sarkar, Aveek; Janardhan, P.; Joshi, Bhuwan; Bhardwaj, Anil; Shanmugam, M.; Patel, Arpit R.; Adalja, Hitesh Kumar L.; Goyal, Shiv Kumar; Ladiya, Tinkal; Tiwari, Neeraj Kumar; Singh, Nishant; Kumar, Sushil,

Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 912, Id. L12 (7pp), 2021, https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abf35d

"Observations of the Quiet Sun During the Deepest Solar Minimum of the Past Century with Chandrayaan-2 XSM: Sub-A Class Microflares Outside Active Regions”

Vadawale, Santosh V.; Mithun, N. P. S.; Mondal, Biswajit; Sarkar, Aveek; Janardhan, P.; Joshi, Bhuwan; Bhardwaj, Anil; Shanmugam, M.; Patel, Arpit R.; Adalja, Hitesh Kumar L.; Goyal, Shiv Kumar; Ladiya, Tinkal; Tiwari, Neeraj Kumar; Singh, Nishant; Kumar, Sushil, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 912, Id. L13(11pp), 2021,  https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abf0b0

ISRO launches 'EOS-03' satellite, mission partially failed due to technical fault in cryogenic stage

 Gslv-f10-eos 03 mission

GSLV-F10 ROCKET

ISRO launched Earth Observation Satellite EOS-03 on GSLV-F10 rocket this morning. This is ISRO's second launch in 2021 after Brazil's Amazonia-1 and 18 other small satellites in February.

New Delhi. The Earth observation satellite 'EOS-03' of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was launched on Thursday morning. This satellite was launched from the second test site of the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. However, shortly after the launch, ISRO Chief K Sivan said that ISRO's GSLV-F10/EOS-03 mission could not be completed completely due to a technical fault in the cryogenic stage. Meanwhile, according to Spaceflight Now, ISRO has confirmed that the GSLV Mk 2 launch today failed due to a 'technical failure in performance during the cryogenic stage'. The report states that this is the first failure in an Indian launch since 2017. ISRO said that the entire journey of the satellite was 18.39 minutes but at the last moment there was a technical fault in the cryonic stage. Due to this, ISRO stopped getting data. The EOS-3 mission, which was told after informing the ISRO chief, has partially failed.

Let us tell you that the main feature of Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) is that it sends real-time pictures of a large area identified at frequent intervals. It helps in quick monitoring of natural calamities as well as any short-term events. This satellite can be used in various fields including agriculture, forestry, water bodies as well as disaster warning, cyclone monitoring, cloudburst or thunderstorm monitoring. Gives important information to use.

The pictures of the country and its borders would have been available in real time. It was to be placed in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit by GSLV (Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle)-F10 after which the satellite would have reached the Geostationary Orbit using its on-board propulsion system. This satellite would give its service for 10 years.

This observation satellite provides real-time pictures of the country and its borders and also helps in early monitoring of natural disasters. ISRO had said, 'The state-of-the-art Earth Observation Satellite EOS-03 will be placed in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) by GSLV-F10. Thereafter, the satellite will reach the final geostationary orbit using its propulsion system.

Earth observation satellite EOS-03 will be launched by GSLV-F10 next week

ISRO LAUNCHED GSLV MK2 F10/EOS-03 SATELLITE

ISRO LAUNCHED GSLV MK2 F10/EOS-03 SATELLITE

Independence Day celebrations are about to double this time as India is all set to take another leap in the skies. Amidst the preparations for the celebration of independence, on August 12, ISRO is going to deploy India's watch in space. In fact, the Earth observation satellite EOS-03 will be launched by GSLV-F10 next week from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). India is going to benefit a lot from its launch.

launched time

GSLV F10/EOS 03

According to news agency PTI, ISRO said that the launch will be done on August 12 at 5:43 am. Although it will depend on the weather conditions. EOS-03 is a highly advanced satellite, which will be placed in Earth orbit with the help of GSLV F10 vehicle. If this test is successful, then India's strength will increase further and it will be easier to understand meteorological activities.

The 4-meter diameter payload fairing

The GSLV flight is reported to have carried the satellite in a 4-meter diameter-Ogive-sized payload fairing, being flown for the first time on a rocket, which has so far operated 13 other flights deploying the satellite and partner missions in space. Huh. It is being said that the EOS-03 satellite will take pictures of the entire country four-five times a day, which will send key data related to weather and environmental change. Not only this, this EOS-03 satellite will be capable of near real-time monitoring of natural disasters like floods and cyclones in the Indian subcontinent as it undergoes major environmental and weather changes.

Let us tell you that earlier on February 28, ISRO successfully carried out the first mission of the year. India's rocket took off from the Sriharikota space center on 28 February carrying a Brazilian satellite for the first time. India's PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) C-51 carrying Brazil's Amazonia-1 and 18 other satellites took off from the Sriharikota Space Center. The picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi was engraved on the top panel of this spacecraft.

EOS-03

EOS-03 is the first state-of-the-art agile Earth observation satellite in Geostationary orbit.

Objectives

1. To provide near real-time imaging of large area region of interest at frequent intervals
2. For quick monitoring of natural disasters, episodic events, and any short term events
3. To obtain spectral signatures for agriculture, forestry, water bodies as well as for disaster
4. warning, cyclone monitoring, cloud burst/thunderstorm monitoring, etc.

SALIENT FEATURES

• Power  2280 W
• Mission Life  10 Years

NASA's Hubble Telescope returned to work after a month of failure, see its first pictures sent here

Hubble Telescope has now been fixed

 NASA's Hubble Telescope was bad for about a month. Which has now been fixed. As soon as it recovers, Hubble has started working as before and has sent two great pictures of the Galaxy.

Hubble Telescope Released New Images:

The American space agency NASA's Hubble Telescope has started working again after recovering. He has sent two beautiful pictures of the Galaxy (Hubble Telescope Current Status). Hubble started working on July 17, it was bad for about a month. The Hubble Telescope's payload computer had malfunctioned, which NASA engineers had to work hard to fix. These two pictures have been released by Hubble for the first time since recovery.

In a statement, NASA's Bill Nelson said, 'I am delighted to see that Hubble's eyes have returned to the universe once again (Hubble Telescope Computer). She has once again started taking pictures that have been inspiring and inquisitive to us for decades. It is time to celebrate the success of the mission team's dedication.' NASA and the European Space Agency launched the Hubble Telescope in April 1990. Since then it has remained the eye of the earth present in space.

black and white pictures of the galaxy

In the black and white photos sent by Hubble, a unique view of the Galaxy is visible. The image on the left is of ARP-MADORE2115-273 (Interacting Galaxy Pair). Which are actually two different galaxies in an intergalactic tango. It is 297 million light-years away from Earth. Earlier, astronomers thought it was a 'collegial ring' system (Hubble Telescope Captured Images). In the latest pictures, NASA has said that the interaction between the galaxies is visible in it. Which is leaving behind stars and dusty gas.

Hubble's back! 🎉

After the Hubble team successfully turned on backup hardware aboard the telescope, the observatory got back to work over the weekend and took these galaxy snapshots.

Find out more here: https://t.co/2mWwSGyIKc pic.twitter.com/Y6tVQWrjig

— Hubble (@NASAHubble) July 19, 2021

It's so different from our Galaxy

On the right, the picture is of ARP-MADORE0002-503, a large spiral galaxy located at a distance of about 490 million light-years from Earth. If you are thinking that it is similar to our Galaxy, then think once again. NASA has said, 'It extends to a radius of 163,000 light-years, making it up to three times more extensive than our Galaxy (Hubble Telescope News). Most disk galaxies have an even number of spiral arms, but three odd ones.

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Life has been found outside the earth!

'Garden' shown on the icy moon of Jupiter, scientists hope - life is possible here

A 'garden' is visible on Jupiter's icy moon Europa. Seeing this garden, scientists have expressed hope that a living environment can be created here in the future. That is, humans can live here. Scientists are currently studying how shrub-like figures growing in the garden are growing on

the icy soil of Europa. What are these? Is life possible on Europa because of them in the future, if so, after how many years?

The American space agency NASA has seen craters on Europa due to the collision of space waste. There are ancient pits, valleys, cracks, etc. at many places here. Along with all these things, there is very intense radiation on the icy moon of Jupiter. But amidst its rough, snow-covered surface, some dark figures have appeared, which look like bushes growing in a garden. They look like grass and bushes growing in an open mountainous area.

It has been revealed in a NASA study that there are many small impact craters on Europa, ie craters formed due to collision with space debris. It is being monitored by the Europa Clipper Mission. This is a satellite, which is revolving around Europa. At the same time, it is also finding out where the landing mission on Europa can be done in the future. Under the thick icy upper layer of Europa lies a large ocean of salty water. Where life is possible.
Scientists think that someday this water will find a way out of the upper layer of ice, due to which the origin of life is possible. At present, the system of water coming out is getting interrupted due to a process called Impact Gardening. This study is published on 12 July in Nature Astronomy. There are millions of small craters on the surface of Europa, which are about 12 inches deep.

If any kind of chemical biosignature is found on these small pits, then it means that chemical evidence of the origin of life is being found here. They can create life in the depths. The current situation is such that things break due to radiation. The particles necessary for the origin of life are being divided. But in the meantime, some organic particles are being pushed deeper. Where they can thrive in the environment below the surface.

University of Hawaii's Planetary Research Scientist Emily Costello said that if we get chemical biosignatures, then we can claim that impact gardening is happening. Because coming from space, there is the hope of life in the things that collide with Europa. But at this time, due to the destructive radiation going on on Europa, these chemical biosignatures are not able to flourish as life. But in the future, as the radiation decreases, so will the possibility of the origin of life.

Cynthia Phillips, a Europa scientist from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said that we are constantly deepening our study. We are studying all the effects on Europa due to the solar system. If we want to study the origin of a planet and the signs of life on it, then we have to do a deep study of impact gardening. We will launch the next updated version of Europa Clipper again in the year 2024, which will study all this in more detail.

NASA is sending the Europa Clipper mission only for astrobiological studies. Its purpose will be to search for the possibilities of life on Europa. This is not a life-searching mission, but it will collect such data and pictures so that evidence related to the origin of life on this icy moon of Jupiter can be collected and studied. If there is a possibility of a habitable environment in Europa, then in the future a human settlement can also be formed here.

This thing emanating from Saturn's moon Enceladus gave signs of life

Enceladus: Scientists are looking for life on planets like Mars, Saturn and Venus. In the latest study, information has been received about the possibilities of life on the moon of Saturn. Due to which scientists are seeing new hope.

Life on Saturn's Moon

At this time, along with Mars, the search for life on other planets has intensified. Now a new study has brought good news related to the planet Saturn. Methane gas is coming out of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Which is seen as a sign of life. The new study was published last month in the journal Nature Astronomy. In which it is not clearly said whether there is life here or not. But the possibility of life on the subsurface sea of ​​Saturn's moon is definitely being expressed.

Study co-author Regis Ferrari said, 'We want to know whether microorganisms like Earth, which release methane by eating dehydrogen, will be able to explain the large amount of methane discovered by Cassini?' and his colleagues have developed a mathematical model (Life on Saturn's Moon Enceladus). which assessed the possibility that Enceladus's methane was biologically generated.

water particles discovered

"Now not only can we evaluate whether the environment there is conducive to life, but we can also observe in other cases, such as whether methanogenesis should actually take place on the ocean floor of Enceladus," he said. In 2005, NASA's Cassini Saturn orbiter discovered water particles in space from the "Tiger Stripe" fracture near the south pole of Enceladus (Could Life Survive on Saturn).

presence of fluid

The Cassini spacecraft had informed about the release of steam only on Saturn's small moon Enceladus. Which increased the possibility that a liquid like water could be present on it (Can Life Exist on Saturn). Later, the spacecraft also found evidence of carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and other complex hydrocarbons. Recently, there was also news about solving the mystery of methane gas found on Mars.

Methane also found on Mars

Scientists say that the methane gas discovered by NASA's Curiosity rover is very close to solving its mystery. On the other hand, if we talk about methane gas, the micro-organisms living on the earth also release this gas (Life on Mars). Which helps the living beings to digest their food. This process ends when the animal releases gas into the air while exhaling or burping. But sometimes methane is also generated due to inorganic process.

Life on Jupiter Moon Europa: Life exists on Jupiter's moon! Life is flourishing only under one foot

Life on Jupiter Moon Europa: It is believed that there are huge seas on Jupiter's moon Europa. Due to the ocean, the possibility of life on Jupiter's moon is being strengthened.

Life on Jupiter Moon Europa: There is good news for experts looking for life on other planets of the universe. Signs of life have been found on Jupiter ie Jupiter's moon Europa. However, to find it, the robot will have to dig deeper than he thought. This matter has come to light in a new study. According to research, robotic landers entering Europa's atmosphere will have to dig to a depth of at least 12 inches.

This result has come to light after the icy moon collided with 'Impact Gardening'. Actually this process is the result of space radiation after colliding with molecules. Some of these molecules are brought to the surface while the rest are pushed downwards and mixed with the lower part of the surface. "If we are to find some ancient, chemical biosignatures, we have to go a little further down the impact gardening zone," said Emily Costello, Manoa Planetary Research Scientist at the University of Hawaii. Chemical biosignatures can be exposed to destructive radiation in a shallow area as compared to the zone.

Was told to dig 8 inches earlier

Previous research believed that if any lander digs up to 8 inches in the snow, it can get evidence of biosignature. The idea of ​​impact gardening on Europa or other airless planets in our solar system is not new. But from this research it can be known that what is the effect of radiation from space.

Giant sea on europa

It is believed that there are huge seas on Jupiter's moon Europa. Due to the ocean, the possibility of life on Jupiter's moon is being strengthened. According to a previous study, the ocean on Europa is at least 10,000 years old. They can also come in contact with moon stones. If this happens, then a large amount of chemical reaction can happen and perhaps we can get chemical signs of life. This study is published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

79 moons on Jupiter

There is not only one moon on Jupiter (Jupiter) like Earth, but there are full 79 moons on this planet. Of these, 26 have been found recently. Europa is the fourth largest moon of this planet, which also has an ocean. NASA's Europa Clipper will go to Jupiter's orbit for study. Also, it will look for areas of the moon from where signs of life are expected.