What is the full form of ISRO

What is ISRO

What is ISRO

ISRO is the national space agency of the Republic of India, headquartered in Bengaluru.

India decided to go to space when Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up by the Government of India in 1962. With the visionary Dr. Vikram Sarabhai at its helm, INCOSPAR set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in Thiruvananthapuram for upper atmospheric research.

It is one of six government space agencies in the world that possess full launch capabilities, deploy cryogenic engines, launch extraterrestrial missions and operate large fleets of artificial satellites.

What is the full form of ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

full form of isro in Hindi  

Bhāratīya Antrikṣ Anusandhān Saṅgaṭhan

Who is the father of the Indian space program

who is the father of indian space program 

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai or Vikram Sarabhai (12 August 1919 – 30 December 1971) was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India. He was honored with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972. He is internationally regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program.

Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome.

Dr. Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre.

Chairman ISRO

chairman isro

Dr. Kailasavadivoo Sivan (brought into the world on 14 April 1957) is an Indian space researcher who is the ebb and flow Secretary (Space) and ex-officio executive of the Indian Space Research Organization and Space Commission. He has recently filled in as the Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center and the Liquid Propulsion Systems Center.

ISRO achievements

ISRO was the world's first space agency to find water on the moon and insert a probe in orbit of Mars in its maiden attempt. It has the world's largest constellation of remote-sensing satellites and operates two satellite navigation systems namely GAGAN and NAVIC.

What is ISRO spy case?

Here's the real story of Isro's' spy' case that rocked the nation in the 1990s.

ISRO spy case history

 The espionage case, which had hit the headlines in 1994, pertained to allegations of transfer of certain confidential documents on India's space program to foreign countries by two scientists and four others, including two Maldivian women. thehindu

ISRO mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation has carried out 111 spacecraft missions, 79 launch missions and planned several missions including the Aditya, Gaganyaan, and MOM 2.

ISRO mission to moon

Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation on 22 October 2008 and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The mission was a major boost to India's space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008.

Chandrayaan-2

Chandrayaan-2 was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III). The planned orbit has a perigee of 169.7 km and an apogee of 45475 km. It consists of a lunar orbiter, lander, and rover, all developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map the location and abundance of lunar water.

ISRO mission to mars

Mars Orbiter Mission

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency. India is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt.

Astronomy

ASTROSAT

ASTROSAT is the first dedicated Indian Astronomy satellite mission launched by ISRO on 28 September 2015, which enabled multi-wavelength observations of the celestial bodies and cosmic sources in X-ray and UV spectral bands simultaneously. The scientific payloads cover the Visible (3500–6000 Å...), UV (1300–op Å...), soft and hard X-ray regimes (0.5–8 keV; 3–80 keV). The uniqueness of ASTROSAT lies in its wide spectral coverage extending over visible, UV, soft, and hard X-ray regions.

ISRO mission after chandrayaan 2

Chandrayaan-3 

Mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 with lander, rover, and a propulsion module to attempt a soft landing of the lunar surface.

Gaganyaan

GAGANYAAN MISSION

Gaganyaan ("Orbital Vehicle") is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft (jointly made by ISRO and HAL) intended to be the basis of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capability.

Lunar Polar Exploration Mission

Lunar lander, rover Lunar Polar Exploration Mission is a concept mission by JAXA and ISRO to explore the south pole region of the Moon in 2024. The mission concept has not yet been formally proposed for funding and planning.

Aditya-L1

Aditya-L1 is the first Indian Solar Coronagraph spacecraft mission to study solar corona in visible and near IR bands. It is expected to be launched by the start of 2022.

NISAR

NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite to be used for remote sensing. It is notable for being the first dual-band radar imaging satellite.

Mangalyaan 2

Mars orbiter Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2) also called Mangalyaan 2 is India's second interplanetary mission planned for launch to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in the 2021–2022 time frame. It will consist of an orbiter and may include a lander and a rover.

Shukrayaan-1

Shukrayaan-1

The Indian Venusian orbiter mission is a planned orbiter to Venus by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to study the atmosphere of Venus.

first module for new space station

 China moves towards space, launches first module for new space station

Chian space station

Beijing, AFP. China on Thursday launched the first module for its new space station. This is the first step in fulfilling China's objective to make a permanent human presence in space. Tianhe core module which has all the tools to support life and has enough space for astronauts to live. It was launched via a 5B rocket from Wenchang in China's Hainan province.

This space station will begin its operations in 2022. Actually, parts have to be sent to assemble the station through the first 10 missions so that it can be well installed in Orbit. It is expected that this Chinese space station will remain in space for 15 years and its distance from Earth will be 400-450 km. However, there are currently no plans for international cooperation with this space station from China.

Let us tell that till now only Russia and America have succeeded in building their station in space. Currently only the International Space Station of the US space agency NASA is active. China has named its space station as Tiangong. In Chinese it means 'palace of paradise'. This multimodal space station is mainly divided into three parts. It will have a space capsule and two labs. The total weight of all these will be around 90 MT. The space station's core capsule is named Tianhe, which means the harmony of heaven.

Omkarnath Srivastava dies from Corona, making super super for ISRO

 'Hydrogen man' Padmashri Omkarnath Srivastava dies from Corona, making super super for ISRO

Padmashri Omkarnath Srivastava, Professor of Physics Department of Banaras Hindu University, known all over the world for hydrogen energy and nanosurge, has passed away from Corona. On April 20, after being hit by coronavirus, he was admitted to Sir Sunderlal Hospital in Bechanu for treatment.

Padmashri Omkarnath Srivastava, Professor of Physics Department of Banaras Hindu University, known all over the world for hydrogen energy and nanosurge, has died from Corona. On April 20, after being hit by coronavirus, he was admitted to Sir Sunderlal Hospital in Bechanu for treatment. He was having trouble breathing since Saturday morning.

Renowned physicist Onkarnath Srivastava of Bacheu was hit by Coronavirus on April 20, after which he was admitted to Sir Sunderlal Hospital in Baikunth for treatment. It was told that he was having trouble breathing since morning, after which his condition deteriorated and he succumbed. On Sunday, he was cremated at Raja Harishchandra Ghat of Varanasi with state honors.

Presently, he was posted as Professor in the Physics Department of Baikunth. He was also honored with the country's highest Shanti Sat Bhatnagar Award for making a rare contribution in the field of science. Former President APJ Abdul Kalam in his Inspired Tour in 2013, Prof. Arrived to see Srivastava's Raipur. At the same time, the missileman had obtained information from Hydrogen Man about the hydrogen cars and vehicles made by him, after which Professor Srivastava came into the limelight.

Recently, Professor Srivastava was preparing to send the most powerful super full storage to ISRO. This is said to be the most powerful super full storage. In this super fuel storage, fuel is stored in the form of a carbon aerogel, which absorbs and stores the liquid hydrogen used in graphics. With this technology, the space mission was claimed to increase the speed and strength of long-distance weather manifold.

Four astronauts narrowly escaped life in space, sky debris passing near SpaceX rocket

SpaceX Dragon rocket's 'close to pass over' with space junk as astronauts instructed to brace for a crash

SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket carrying four astronauts on the International Space Station narrowly escaped hitting the debris. If the debris of space had hit this rocket, it could have caused trouble on the lives of four passengers aboard it.

Washington

SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket carrying four astronauts on the International Space Station narrowly escaped hitting the debris. If the debris of space had hit this rocket, it could have caused trouble on the lives of four passengers aboard it. However, US Space Command spokesman Lt. Col. Erin Dick has claimed that the warning the Falcon-9 rocket sent against the wreckage was incorrect. He said that there was no object that was likely to hit the capsule.

The warning is given 7 hours after the flight

The Falcon-9 rocket warning came about seven hours after four astronauts aboard the SpaceX crew dragon mission flew from Cape Canaveral. Mission Control informed the system about an unknown object coming in the way of the rocket. After which Sarah Giles of SpaceX told the astronauts that we had identified a possible fragment just a short distance from the Crew Dragon capsule. For this, all of you need to immediately wear your space suit and sit safely on the seat.

Astronauts were asked to wear spacesuits

After receiving the alert message, the astronauts immediately sat in their seats, wearing a spacesuit. This alert was reported 20 minutes before the possible collision. They were told that the collision could reduce the air pressure inside the capsule. Crew-2 astronaut Thomas Peskett of the European Space Agency confirmed the message to Sarah Giles and confirmed her own preparations.

NASA captured the entire event in Livestream

The US space agency NASA has captured the event in its Livestream. In which an object appears at some distance during the second stage of SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket. This unknown object was initially thought to be a threat to SpaceX astronauts, but NASA later reported that this space junk went 48 km away from the rocket in a short period of time.

The capsule landed in the Indian Ocean

The SpaceX capsule, carrying four astronauts, arrived at the space station on Saturday, a day after launching from NASA's Kennedy Space Center. After which the capsule itself landed at a distance of 418 km from the designated outpost in the Indian Ocean. There has been no response from SpaceX regarding this report.

Uttarakhand will help ISRO in the country's first solar mission

 This center of Uttarakhand will help ISRO in the country's first solar mission

ISRO ADITYA L1

A community service center has been set up to store data from India's first solar space mission on a web interface so that users can view these data immediately. To analyze it in a scientific way. The name of this center is Aditya L1 Support Cell (AL1SC).

The center has been created by ISRO (ISRO) and Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Science (ARIES) of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India... The center is used to analyze scientific data by guest observers and the science Supervision will be done in preparing the proposal.

AL1SC has been set up at ARIES's Haldwani campus in Uttarakhand, which will work jointly with ISRO to maximize analysis and use of all scientific details and data from Aditya L1 (Aditya-L1), India's first solar space mission To go This center will act as a bridge between the students and teachers of various research institutes, universities, schools, etc. and the Aditya-L1 payload team and the research community of the astronomy. It is expected from this center that Aditya will assist ISRO in the design and development of the analyzer software required for the maintenance of scientific data of L1.

This center will also be connected to other space observatories of the world. Will provide data related to solar mission, which can help in the details received from Aditya L1. The users can make the scientific goal beyond the Aditya L1's own capabilities.

Apart from this center, national users will also be trained to conduct data analysis. There will be 2-3 day small workshops at various places in India. These workshops will be held in universities where the facility to download and analyze data related to Aditya L1 is not available.

This center will make the data received from Aditya L1 accessible not only in India but also in other countries of the world. With this, more and more people will get information about this mission. This will allow every interested person to do a scientific analysis of the data.

Russia says to launch own space station in 2025

Russia starts preparing to leave ISS, know why it is doing so

Russia own a space station

Russia (Russia) has started preparing to leave the International Space Station (ISS) to build its own space station. Recently, the sourness of relations between Russia-US Ties is being considered as the reason behind this.

where is the ISS.

It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit.

Russia starts preparing to leave ISS

know why it is doing so

Russia has started preparing to leave the International Space Station (ISS) to build its own space station. Recently, the sourness of relations between Russia-US Ties is being considered as the reason behind this.

Russia starts preparing to leave ISS, know why it is doing so

Russia was associated with the International Space Station (ISS) since 1998. 

The International Space Station (ISS) is working longer than expected. But now it is becoming less likely to run more. Many parts of it are slowly becoming useless. But Russia has decided to break away from it and it will remain connected till 2025. With this, he has also started preparing to build his own space station. The reason for this is the change in Russia-US Ties some time ago.

Russia is the largest cooperative PARTNER in ISS

The International Space Station has been in operation since 1998 with the cooperation of 16 other countries including Russia and the United States and it has been the highest cooperation program between the US and Russia. But now that the relations between Russia and America have soured, Russia has decided to completely separate from the International Space Station.

Russia announced

For the past few years, especially after the US presidential election, relations between the two countries have deteriorated. Not only this, she has not been warm in relations with Russia's European agency before. The Russian space agency Roskosmos has recently announced that it has begun preparations to build its own space station. If all goes well, it has been placed in the Earth's orbit in the year 2030.

Sorrow in Russia-US relations

Russia-US relations soured recently when US President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin an 'assassin' in an interview. He even said that he would have to pay for it. Before this, Russia has also registered its objection to the Artemis Accord of America.

It Will be a big step

Russia's separation from the International Space Station will open a new chapter in Russian exploration in space research. Dmitry Rogozin, the head of the Russian space agency Roskosmos himself, has said that the orbiting of the Russian space station will be a major achievement and will be a major step in space research.

What will be special in the space station

The special thing about this Russian space station will be the use of artificial intelligence and robots and it will not be run by humans like ISS and humans will have a presence only as passengers. That is, there will not always be people in the station because too much radiation has to be encountered on the way to this orbit.

How much will Russia spend

Russia is going to invest 6 billion dollars in this project. Although foreign passengers will also get a chance to come in it, it will be a completely Russian space station. Space stations are placed in the lower orbit of the Earth 250 km above its surface. At present, the ISS is also in this situation.

In the last few years, competition in space is expected to increase rapidly due to the deterioration of relations with China and now Russia. China is already trying to separate itself a lot from the US in the race for supremacy. It is set to become the first country in the world to send a rover, lander, and orbiter to Mars. Apart from this, he is working fast on setting up his own International Space Station. Now Russia's separation from ISS may be a matter of concern.

ISRO To Support 8 Joint Research Projects Proposed By IIT Delhi’s Space Technology Cell

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will support eight joint research projects mooted by the Space Technology Cell (STC), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi.

ISRO AND IIT DELHI

New Delhi: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will support eight joint research projects mooted by the Space Technology Cell (STC), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. ISRO will support the projects under its RESPOND programme with varying duration of one to three years.

The projects will be coordinated by ISRO scientists at the Space Applications Centre (SAC), the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), the Semi-conductor Laboratory (SCL) and the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).

While welcoming the joint research activities between ISRO and IIT Delhi under the Space Technology Cell, Professor V Ramgopal Rao, Director, IIT Delhi said, “IIT Delhi is committed to taking its interactions with ISRO to the next level. The Institute has some of the world’s experts in various technology domains such as land surface modelling, remote sensing, molecular dynamics simulations etc. who will extend their expertise to ISRO and play a key role in making its future endeavours successful. IIT Delhi has also entered into similar agreements with other strategic agencies in the country.”

The eight collaborative research projects on which the scientists from different ISRO centres and IIT Delhi will work jointly include:

Establishing a Coupled Indian Land Data Assimilation System (ILDAS) for identifying hydrologic extremes - This system will have widespread water resource applications, including drought and flood forecasting and understanding land-atmosphere interactions.

Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo Simulations of the Plasma dynamics in electrode-less plasma thruster - The project aims to understand the plasma dynamics in electrode-less thrusters, which are used for electric propulsion and have a longer lifespan than their electrode-based counterparts. Electric propulsion schemes exhibit high fuel efficiency and lower thrust than chemical propulsion schemes and are therefore preferred for deep space missions.

Analysis of Variable Stiffness Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Structures with Embedded Delamination - The project aims to develop an efficient finite element formulation to evaluate displacements and stresses in composite structures widely used in aerospace and space applications.

Indigenous Sensor-based Real-Time Flood Warning Smart System - This aims to provide real-time warning to the community, by assimilating information through sensor networks and corrected satellite products, thereby providing a faster, more reliable warning system that will ensure protection to the community infrastructure and lives.

Impact of Satellite Observations in a Coupled System for Predicting Storm Tides and its Coastal Inundation - The project aims at real-time prediction of the vulnerability of the Indian coasts to tropical cyclones through satellite observations well in advance to minimize damages wreaked by a cyclone.

Development of a Numerical Simulator for Micro-fabricated Electrospray Thrusters - Develop advanced computational tools to simulate miniaturized electrospray thrusters to speed up the design of such thrusters for small spacecraft. This addresses the need for a miniaturized propulsion system for manoeuvring and orbit control of the micro and nanosatellites at a low cost.

Designing Speciality Glasses Employing Machine Learning and Meta-Heuristic Optimization - Speciality glasses are ubiquitously used in space applications such as telescopic lenses and window shields in space vehicles. The aim of the project is to develop new glasses with improved thermal and mechanical performance, which can withstand conditions of extreme cold or hot weather in outer space.

Low-Pressure Systems (LPSs) and their nonlinear interaction with other scales in the atmosphere through the lens of Scale Energetics.

Gliese 486b

 The study of planets outside of the solar system is still in its infancy.

 The first exoplanet wasn’t officially recorded until 1992, and there are still less than five thousand confirmed exoplanets in space.

 That’s despite various estimates claiming that there are many billions of them still to be discovered in the universe. Even so, every so often we find one that

 particularly piques our interest…

 and that’s exactly what Gliese 486b has done!

 

super-Earth

 A super-Earth is an exoplanet with a mass up to ten times greater than our Earth’s. But, really, that’s all. Contrary to common misinterpretation, a super-Earth isn’t automatically similar to our own world in any other way. For example, it isn’t necessarily habitable, and it doesn’t necessarily have Earth-like environments. Sometimes, a super-Earth is also Earth-like, but most of the time it isn’t. And that’s true of Gliese 486b, an exoplanet recently discovered by a team of scientists working mostly in Europe. It’s a totally alien place, described by many as hellish and almost certainly inhospitable to life as we know it. But it’s also just twenty-six lightyears away from us… and it’s set to become one of the most studied objects in the sky.

 The close proximity of Gliese 486b is one of the main reasons why scientists are so excited by it.

 Twenty-six lightyears may sound like a

 lot but in the vast expanse of space

 it makes us next-door neighbors. This particular planet orbits the M-dwarf star, Gliese 486, in the Virgo constellation. But it’s also positioned in such a way that it’s easy to track from Earth.

 All of this means that it’s far easier to get to know this planet than most, using a number of astronomical spectroscopy techniques to determine particulars about its radiation, density, atmosphere, and more.

 But, as mentioned, Gliese 486b hardly has second home potential for us, the human race.

 Our particular form of life could never hope to survive there, seeing as it offers surface temperatures upwards of four hundred degrees Celsius, gravity that’s seven times stronger than it is on Earth, and an orbital period of just one-and-a-half days. If a human being lived there, they’d burn to death, they’d weigh a lot more whilst doing so, and they’d have a sort-of birthday every few hours. The landscape is predicted to include violent volcanoes and rivers of molten rock, so it’s not exactly welcoming.

 So why, again, are scientists still so interested in Gliese 486b?

 If it’s such a terrible place for us in general, why has it also been described as a Rosetta Stone of space exploration? Along with its close proximity, that extremely short orbital period is crucial, too. One of the ways in which we can observe this world is transit spectroscopy - which is when we glean information every time a planet passes in front of its star (from our perspective). With Gliese 486b, this is happening extremely frequently, so we get a really steady stream of data. In many ways unparalleled to anything else we have. Then there’s also the fact that astronomers are confident that this world is rocky (like Earth) and that it has an atmosphere to speak of, which many confirmed exoplanets don’t. Another cause for scientists to rejoice!

 For these reasons, those behind its discovery have suggested that Gliese 486b could become a standard-bearer for exoplanet study.

 The knowledge we gain of it could go on to shape how we scrutinize thousands of other planets in the future. Thus, the Rosetta Stone comparison. The Rosetta Stone is a massive, inscribed rock discovered in 1799 which originally enabled us to translate ancient languages; Gliese 486b could be the space discovery we look back on in the future that finally allowed us to read the galaxy in detail.

 As a result, Gliese 486b has already been lined up as potentially one of the first primary targets for the James Webb Space Telescope. The James Webb has suffered various setbacks and delays over the years but is currently scheduled to finally launch in late 2021. It’s a ten-billion-dollar, flagship mission for NASA, planned to take over from the Hubble Space Telescope in the long term. If and when it does eventually get off the ground, space enthusiasts can expect to regularly hear about it over the next few decades, thanks to the endless stream of images it’ll produce. The James Webb will observe the universe with greater clarity than any other piece of technology has ever been able to do before now… and will be able to snatch glimpses of even the most distant galaxies in existence. The mere twenty-six light-years between us and Gliese 486b, then, will be a breeze for it. And among the first questions, it will be looking to answer are… what does this world tell us about all other worlds?

 So, it’s very much a case of watch this space when it comes to this particular exoplanet.

 But, if this is to become the greatest, most influential super-Earth ever discovered, then what other worlds is it beating to the privilege?

 The first super-Earths (of any type) detected by us came shortly after the first exoplanets, in general, were found, again in 1992. These were PSR B1257+12 B (nicknamed Poltergeist) and PSR B1257+12 C(nicknamed Phobetor). They both orbit the same pulsar about 2,300 lightyears away from Earth - almost one hundred times further away than Gliese 486b is. Neither, though, are predicted to be especially Earth-like in any other way.

 The first super-Earth thought to be in a habitable zone came in 2007, with the discovery of Gliese 581c - a far-off world with about five times the mass of Earth, moving around the very inner edge of the so-called Goldilocks Zone in its star system. Gliese 581c is also relatively close by, at just over twenty light-years from us. The downside in terms of our search for alien life (or planets that could host life) is that it’s tidally locked, meaning one side always faces the star and the other side always faces away from it. At this early stage, scientists think the same could be true for Gliese 486b, too. In general, while life could exist in such a world, it is deemed less likely.

 Elsewhere, the Kepler Space Telescope provided its fair share of super-Earth contenders, as well. Launched in 2009 and deactivated in 2018, it operated for almost ten years, during which time it registered exoplanets including Kepler-440b and the slightly less memorably named, HIP 116454 b. Discovered in 2015, Kepler-440b ultimately generated more interest. It was again detected using transit spectroscopy… and is again situated in a habitable zone. The downside in terms of humankind ever reaching it, though, is that it’s 850 lightyears away from Earth. This time more than thirty times as far as Gliese 486b is, and Kepler-440b performs far fewer transits, too.

 We can begin to see, then, why scientists are so particularly enthused by this latest super-Earth on the scene… compared to those that came before it. Gliese 486b could represent that rarest of astronomical opportunities; a close by, the alien world we can reliably observe in detail. Somewhere outside of the solar system that we can start to truly visualize.

 Unfortunately, at this stage, we have no means to even begin to plan a physical visit to a place so far away. Twenty-six light-years distance means twenty-six years of unbroken lightspeed travel to get there. Considering that, at present, we can only travel at just a fraction of the speed of light for just a tiny period of time - and even then, we’re only talking tiny, uncrewed probes - a mission to Gliese 486b isn’t going to happen for generations. If ever.

 And this isn’t unexpected news. We know that the universe, even just the Milky Way galaxy, is almost incomprehensibly huge. We know that our place on this planet orbiting this star is but a minuscule component within the cosmos as a whole. But, gradually, we’re gaining more of an understanding about what else is out there. About other worlds orbiting other stars. In some ways, Gliese 486b is just the latest in a

 lengthening line of distant space discoveries… and yet parts of the scientific community remain just a little bit more optimistic than usual that this particular development could be a key breakthrough.

 How do you feel about it? 

Will you be keeping tabs on Gliese 486b over the coming years, and using it to better understand what life might be like outside of the solar system?

 As we said at the top of this video, the study of exoplanets is still in its infancy… but the landscape is changing at an increasing and exciting pace.

 And that’s why scientists may have just discovered the best ever Super-Earth.

 What do you think? Is there anything we missed?

 Let us know in the comments thankyou. 

who was rakesh sharma

Names of Indian astronauts

Famous Indian astronauts list 

Rakesh Sharma

Kalpana Chawala

Sunita Williams

The famous Indian astronauts and their achievements

Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh Sharma becomes the first Indian astronaut to move into space. He spent 7 days 21 hours and 40 minutes aboard the Salyut 7 orbital station. He's the handiest Indian citizen to journey in space, even though there have been other astronauts with an Indian history who had been no longer Indian residents.
Sharma himself sent the complete united states of America into a tizzy when, in reply to the high minister India Gandhi’s question on how India looked from space, he quoted the poet Iqbal’s immortal traces, “Saare Jahan se achcha.” (higher than the whole world).

Kalpana Chawala

Kalpana Chawala

 Kalpana Chawla turned into the first India-born lady to enter space. Chawla died together with her six crewmates aboard the space trip Columbia in 2003. She first flew in space go back and forth in Columbia in 1997 as a mission expert and number one robotic arm operator. In 2003, Chawla changed into one of the seven crew contributors who died in the Columbia catastrophe when the spacecraft disintegrated throughout its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

Sunita Williams

Sunita Williams

Sunita Williams is an American astronaut and American navy officer who formerly held the records for most spacewalks via a girl (seven) and maximum spacewalk time for a lady (50 hours, 40 mins).
Williams turned into assigned to the worldwide area Station as a member of day trip 14 and excursion 15. In 2012, she served as a flight engineer on excursion 32 and then commander of a day trip.
Sunita Williams turned into born in Euclid, Ohio, to Indian American neuroanatomist Deepak Pandya and Slovene American Ursuline Bonnie.

Who was Rakesh Sharma

information of Rakesh Sharma

Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC (born 13 January 1949) is a former Indian Air Force pilot who flew aboard Soyuz T-11 on 3 April 1984 with the Soviet Interkosmos program. He is the only Indian citizen to travel in space, although there have been other astronauts with an Indian background who were not Indian citizens.

Rakesh Sharma the astronaut

Rakesh Sharma the astronaut

The early 1980s were a period of friendship between India and the Soviet Union, yet the Soviet Union did not give the expected cooperation to India. This was the reason that the concept of the self-reliant missile program was born in India. But the Soviet Union, playing their friendship, helped to bring India's first astronaut (Astronaut) into space. The result of this was that on 3 April 1984, Rakesh Sharma reached space on the Soviet Union's Cell orbit and wrote his name in history.

Two soviet companions

Apart from Rakesh Sharma, there were two Soviet astronauts in the Suyoj T-11 vehicle. Sharma spent 7 days 21 hours and 40 minutes in space. He was accompanied by two Soviet Union astronauts, Yuri Malyshev, Gennady Steklov. Rakesh Sharma stayed in space from 3 April to 11 April 1984. During this time he conducted scientific and technical studies with his Soviet colleagues which included 43 experimental sessions.

How were you involved?

In the early 80s, the Soviet Union was preparing to send a spacecraft to space. On behalf of the Soviets, it was proposed to Indira Gandhi that she too could send two Indians to this mission. Rakesh Sharma was chosen under this. Ravish Malhotra was also selected with him but he was in backup and did not go on a space trip.

Never thought

Rakesh Sharma, who was a sworn leader in the Indian Air Force, is the only Indian citizen who has been an astronaut. While doing his job as an Air Force soldier, Rakesh Sharma had never even dreamed that he would reach the space of flying Air Force aircraft. Recalling his journey, Sharma once told that he had dreamed of becoming a pilot since childhood, when he became a pilot, he thought that the dream was fulfilled. He said that he could not even imagine space travel.

What does India look like from above?

The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked him the question, how did you like India from space, then he replied, "Sare Jahan Se Achcha". With this answer, the whole country jostled with Indira Ji. He showed the effect of gravity from space, showing how to light a heavy camera on Earth becomes in space. When he returned home, he was warmly welcomed.

Rakesh Sharma is 72 years old today, he regrets that he is the only Indian astronaut for a long time. But he is also happy that now and the day is not far when there will be more than one astronaut of India. They are eagerly awaiting the launch of ISRO's Gaganyaan.

future space missions

 we're exploring the world's beyond our pale blue dot in more detail than ever before.

  fascinating upcoming space missions both planned and proposed are you a fiend for facts are you constantly curious then.

 we'll be starting with destinations closest to home working our way out to the far-flung corners of the solar system and beyond, for now.

future space missions timeline

The china space station in 2021

 

The china space station in 2021

low earth orbit the international space station is currently alone up there not including satellites and the Hubble telescope but it will soon have a neighbor the china national space administration has ambitious plans to start launching modules for their own space station in 2021.

 it will be china's third after Tiangong one and two the intention is that unlike its two predecessors this one will be permanent the cnsa will use the long march 5b Rocket to launch materials into orbit it's thought that the space station will be able to aid future manned moon missions for china who already made lunar history when genre 4 became the first spacecraft to soft-land on the far side of the moon in 2019. 

Russia starts preparing to leave ISS

NASA future space missions 

Artemis program NASA

Artemis program NASA

The last time humans set foot on the moon themselves was back in 1972 NASA is heading back however in the 2020s the Artemis program will kick off with an uncrewed test flight in November 2021 and aims to land astronauts on lunar soil by 2024 including the first woman while it's not necessarily part of the Artemis program Nasa is also planning to build the lunar gateway a space station in lunar orbit the construction of which will also begin in 2024 it might not be useful for the first Artemis astronauts but it's sure to be an invaluable tool for lunar exploration in the late 2020s 2030s and beyond both programs involve global cooperation from leading space agencies.

 James Webb telescope

 james webb telescope

 while it'll be fascinating to further explore the moon nothing beats peering into the far reaches of space launched in 1990 the Hubble telescope is still operational but it's set to be succeeded by the new and improved James Webb telescope rather than orbiting earth like Hubble however it will orbit the sun while keeping pace with our home planet from roughly 1 million miles away, unfortunately, the James Webb telescope has been plagued by delays and its original budget has ballooned to over 10 billion dollars be that as it may it's set to launch in October 2021.

 The telescope will function in a much wider spectrum of light than Hubble largely focusing on infrared this means it'll be able to capture low light stars like red dwarf stars and observe entire galaxies previously hidden from view of course one of the principal goals of space exploration. is also to search for signs of extraterrestrial life in September 2020.

India future space missions

future space missions of isro  

Shukrayaan 1 MISSION

INDIA Shukrayaan-1 MISSION

Search for signs of extraterrestrial life in September 2020. researchers claimed to have detected a biosignature in venus's atmosphere in the form of phosphine gas that makes the Indian space research organization's proposed orbiter Shukrayaan 1 especially exciting with a proposed launch date of 2024 the orbiter would study the composition of venus's atmosphere meanwhile Russia is planning their own mission to our hellish sister planet Venera d would consist of a lander and orbiter and launch as early as 2026.

future space missions to mars

MARS MISSION

 

Is it possible for humans to live on Mars?

 Nasa is also looking into proposals including the atmospheric probe Davinci and the surface mapping spacecraft veritas an even better place to look for signs of life though might be mars if there was once life there we're closer than ever to finding it in February 2021 NASA's perseverance rover touched down in Jezreel crater which was once a lake to search for signs of extraterrestrial life it was a big month for mars also seeing the arrival of the United Arab emirates orbiter hop and china's spacecraft Tianwen won which will deploy its own rover perseverance or Percy is also carrying a small autonomous helicopter ingenuity to scout the martian landscape excitingly the rover will leave behind samples for a possible retrieval mission that could launch as early as 2026.

 such a mission would need to consist of a lander fetch rover and ascent rocket concepts are still being considered but hopes are high that we could one-day study martian samples in person perseverance will soon be joined by Rosalind franklin previously known as the exomars rover named after an English chemist it's being developed for a joint mission between the European space agency and Russia's ros cosmos which is building both the launcher and the lander originally slated to launch in July of 2020 it's now set to launch sometime in 2022.

 the solar-powered rover is heading to oxia planum

 a large plane full of clay deposits that were once rich in the water there it too will search for signs of past Martian life mind you while sending rovers to mars is nice to imagine.

Martion Moon eXploration

martian moon exploration

 while most of our interest in space exploration revolves around our moon and mars also has two intriguing moons of its own Phobos and Deimos they haven't gotten much attention to date but a Japanese aerospace exploration agency mission to launch in 2024 will change that by august 2025 the martian moons exploration probe or MMX will have reached and landed on Phobos it will also perform a flyby of Deimos the smaller moon before its mission ends and the probe returns with samples to earth.

 It's aiming to find out how mars' moons were formed.

NASA  LUCY MISSION

NASA  LUCY MISSION

 The little guys beyond mars lies the asteroid belt that divides the inner and outer planets in 2022. The spacecraft psyche will set off on a four-year voyage to one of the solar system's weirdest asteroids 16 psyches this asteroid is believed by scientists to be the exposed core of a proto-planet that was once on its way to becoming a true planet before a collision broke it up the information psyche collects will hopefully teach us about how planets form another NASA mission lucy will go.

JUICE MISSION

ESA juice mission

 Further afield studying asteroids in the main belt and also close to Jupiter's orbit speaking of Jupiter there's a lot to be learned from the gas giant's largest moons in 2022 the European space agency's juice mission will launch for a closer look.

 The Jupiter icy moons explorer or juice will take seven years to reach its destination arriving at the jovian system in late 2029 it's going to do flybys of Callisto Europa and Ganymede all of which may host subsurface oceans and have the potential for alien life in 2032 juice will go into orbit around Ganymede.

NASA's Europa Clipper

NASA's Europa Clipper

 Becoming the first man-made probe to orbit an alien moon when it runs out of fuel around two years later it will crash into the surface in the meantime NASA's Europa Clipper will reach Europa in 2030 to investigate the moon's habitability and identify a landing site for their proposed Europa lander a hop skip and a jump

 of about 400 million miles past Jupiter and we're at Saturn one of the most promising bodies in the solar system for supporting life is Saturn's largest moon titan with its liquid methane lakes to date however we've been working with limited knowledge based on the findings of a handful of missions in 2027.

NASA dragonfly spacecraft

NASA dragonfly spacecraft

 NASA is looking to launch the dragonfly spacecraft a robotic rotorcraft that will explore titan's surface dragonfly should finally be able to tell us whether titan might be able to support human life or even alien life more effectively than the inner planets but even if all goes to plan it's still not going to arrive at titan until 2036 so we've got a long wait ahead.

 what do you think is there anything we missed let us know in the comments

ISRO had the same budget as NASA

The Indian Space Research Organisation has masterminded some crucial space missions in recent years. It’s sent headline-making probes to the moon and Mars, and now has plans to go much further. Along the way, however, it has always worked with limited funds… so what if that were to change?

nasa future space missions

 This is Unveiled, and today we’re answering the extraordinary question; 

What if  ISRO had the same budget as NASA?

What if ISRO had the same budget as NASA?

 Ever since its creation in 1969, the Indian Space Research Organisation (or, ISRO) has prided itself on getting results as efficiently as possible. A key figure and driving force in its early years were Vikram Sarabhai, a leading scientist today remembered as the Father of Indian Space Travel. Sarabhai served as the first Chairman of ISRO, and under his watch, India emerged as a new voice in space - at a time when the US and the Soviet Union were at the peak of the space race.

 We took an in-depth look at the rise and rise of ISRO in another recent ARTICLE, so check that out after this one… but one of the key themes set out by Sarabhai was a success without overspending.

 From the beginning, ISRO knew it couldn’t economically compete with other space-faring nations, but it believed that it could still have an impact technologically - and so it has proven! Today, in many ways the landscape hasn’t changed all that much.

 America and Russia still have two of the highest-profile space agencies on the planet, and ISRO is still one of the lowest spendings of all major space organizations. The ISRO annual budget comes in at around two billion US dollars. For NASA, it’s more than ten times that, with twenty­-two billion dollars (in 2020).

 And yet for all NASA’s recent achievements, ISRO has had undoubted success, too.

ISRO had the same budget as NASA

 In 2008, Chandrayaan-1 became the first Indian probe to orbit the moon. Then, in 2014, the Mangalyaan probe successfully entered orbit around Mars - a feat that ISRO impressively achieved at the first time of asking. In 2017, ISRO launched 104 satellites into the sky aboard just one single rocket, a then-world record.

 Meanwhile, in 2015, it launched Astrosat, India’s first space telescope, to get an even better view of the universe. So, what happens if you take all of those missions and throw a NASA-sized budget at them?

What if ISRO had ten times as much money?

What if ISRO had ten times as much money

 With real-world finances, India’s future plans in space include a long series of Earth observation satellites dedicated to investigating our climate and oceans; another Chandrayaan mission, this time aiming to soft-land on the lunar surface; another Mars orbiter mission; breakthrough probes to Venus, Jupiter, and the sun… plus ISRO’s first-ever crewed mission, with the Gaganyaan spacecraft scheduled for a delayed launch in 2022.

 Not bad for one-tenth of what NASA gets!

NASA

 That last one, though, is most likely where we’d see the biggest change if India’s budget for space travel were suddenly to boom. As of early 2021, the number of Indian astronauts is still very low compared to other nations. Rakesh Sharma became the first when, in 1984, he was one of a three-man crew on the Soviets’ Soyuz T-11 mission to the Salyut 7 space station. But India falls well short of the likes of the US, Russia, Japan, China, Germany, France, and more when it comes to this particular measure of space travel. And ISRO has never launched a crew in its own spacecraft before.

 That’s set to change with Gaganyaan, however, a soon-to-launch, state-of-the-art vehicle that will carry three ISRO astronauts - or vyomanauts - on a continuous route around Earth, 250 miles above the ground, for around seven days.

 Of course, safety is paramount, and India has a proven track record when it comes to making as few mistakes as possible… so the mission won’t be rushed. It has already been knocked back from the original launch date of late 2021, to a new target in the year 2022.

 Had it had a greater budget, though, we might’ve expected to have already seen an ISRO crewed spaceflight by now. Or even many of them.

But, to what end?

 The Chandrayaan program shows that ISRO does have a long-held interest in getting to the moon.

 And, in a time when most other modern-day agencies are debating crewed lunar missions once again - including NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, and the CNSA - you might reason that an ISRO with ten times the funding would follow suit.

 But perhaps not. Arguably the biggest and most significant goal that ISRO has set itself for the near future is to build its own space station. So, if anything, it would probably put the extra cash towards that. Throughout history, ISRO has proven time and again that it’s a world leader when it comes to building and launching satellites… so a modular space station is an expected next step.

 Little has been revealed about plans for the build so far, except that it will start between five and seven years after Gaganyaan. Naturally, if ISRO had a bigger budget, then that timescale would almost certainly shorten. It’s currently hoped that an Indian Space Station would be able to house a crew for up to twenty days at a time, at first, before stays on board lengthen as the station gets bigger and gains more functionality.

 Again, though, with a higher budget, all of that would likely happen much faster. And, once more, given ISRO’s reputation for succeeding with its main goals most of the time…

 we might expect this particular space station to grow and expand quickly.

 In normal times, ISRO isn’t the only major agency with plans to build something to rival the now-iconic ISS. China, too, has well-publicized ambitions to build its own space station, while Russia has said it also aims to re-enter this particular aspect of the new space race - with plans for an orbital station sometime in the 2030s. It remains to be seen how ISRO’s efforts will rank alongside these, but it’s a fair bet that in the real world they will be striving to compete on just a small percentage of their rivals’ spend. In an alternate world where India had NASA’s budget, however, ISRO could well leave the others for dust.

 But, what about its other ambitions?

 The Aditya-L1 probe is scheduled to be India’s first solar mission. It’s hoped to launch in 2021 and will specifically study coronal mass ejections, the like of which very nearly caused a major geomagnetic storm on Earth in 2012. Meanwhile, the planned Shukrayaan-1 mission is a Venus orbiter, hoping to gauge a better understanding of the hellish Venusian atmosphere - with a launch date tentatively pencilled in for around 2023.

 But both also constitute joint ventures at the moment. Aditya-L1 is led by ISRO, but in collaboration with a number of private institutions and universities. The full funding for Shukrayaan 1 isn’t confirmed as yet, but there are ongoing talks between ISRO and the National Centre for Space Studies in France for a collaboration there, too.

 If ISRO had NASA’s budget, would it still be so interested in partnering up with other companies or government-backed agencies? Perhaps not. As history has actually played out, ISRO has made it a trademark of theirs to be ready and willing not to go it alone.

 India’s success in space has often come via partnerships… particularly with the Soviet Union in the early years. It’s one reason why ISRO doesn’t yet have a public profile to match NASA’s, or even ESA’s or the CNSA’s. But, if the financial landscape was leveled between Indian and American space travel then, going by track record alone, ISRO could ultimately dwarf NASA in terms of achievements made.

But would that make it a better space agency?

Maybe yes, maybe no.

 During a speech given in 1968, the ISRO founder Vikram Sarabhai said that there should be “no ambiguity of purpose”… that ISRO did not have the “fantasy of competing” with other, wealthier nations. But he also pledged that ISRO would play a “meaningful role… in the application of advanced technologies to man and society”. One-fifth of the way through the twenty-first century and few would argue that Sarabhai’s vision has been realized. ISRO is already at the top table of space travel, and it’s gotten there in its own way.

 In general, if its budget were to increase tenfold, then that could only be good news.

 More ISRO missions equal more success

 stories at an ever-increasing rate! The entire solar system could suddenly seem a lot more accessible. But here’s hoping that this alternate version of the Indian Space Research Organisation would hold on to its key traits.

 More often than not, ISRO approaches space travel as though it should truly be a joint venture by the citizens of Earth. It’s why so many people are so excited by what it could achieve in the future. And hopefully, that’s what would happen if ISRO had the same budget as NASA.

 What do you think? Is there anything we missed?

 Let us know in the comments.