NASA's Instagram picture of a melting glacier is beautiful, but also a threat!

By the time of writing this news, the picture had been liked by over 9 lakh users. Many people appreciated the beauty of the picture and many users expressed concern about climate change and global warming.

NASA shared a picture of a melting glacier on its Instagram account. As beautiful as this picture is in view, its truth is as frightening. This picture shows that we are falling prey to global warming very fast. This photo is taken by a French astronaut Thomas Pesquet from the International Space Station (ISS). It overlooks the Upsala Glacier, the third largest glacier in the southern Patagonian icefields of Argentina and Chile. The US Space Agency says that our glaciers are becoming smaller and that these changes are visible to astronauts from space, as well as the Earth Observation Satellite providing climate scientists with information about the home environment. This picture clearly shows that a large part of this huge glacier has broken due to global warming and it is melting rapidly.

NASA's caption in the picture says that as the climate changes on Earth, the International Space Station is sending photos of these changes to make our planet safer.

The only eye on earth is also visible from space.

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Whenever an astronaut approaches the space station, an eye is kept from the earth on it. Most astronauts take photographs of this eye from the space station. Make a video. Because this eye is so big that this earth is visible even from the space station orbiting about 450 kilometers. This eye is completely round. Its diameter is 50 kilometers. That's why astronauts see it with open eyes.

This eye has many names. This is called the eye of Sahara. That is, the eye of the Sahara desert. It is located in Mauritania, North-West Africa. Therefore, it is also called the Eye of Mauritania. It is in Africa, so it is also called the Eye of Africa. Scientists believe that it was a naturally finished plateau dome. Due to continuous erosion, now only a circular layer-by-layer crater is left. (Photo: Nasa)

Scientists call the Eye of Sahara the Richat Structure. Spherical rings are made around this structure. The outer part of each ring is rocky and plateau, while the inside is dark and sandy. This place is not known only scientifically. It is also called the bastion of Acheulean archaeological artefacts here. The rings you see around it are not just stones. There are brown stones. There is yellow and white sand. There are green plants and thorn bushes. What is visible in blue is salt. (Photo: Nasa)

Acheulean was an ancient civilization, where stone instruments and tools were made. It was here that humans discovered the ax and hammer. This civilization was spread all over Africa at that time. Apart from this, it also had its empire in South Asia i.e. all over India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, South-eastern part of China, East Asia, Middle-East Asia and European countries. It is believed that the technique of making instruments and tools from stones was discovered here 10.76 crore years ago. (Photo: Nasa)

In the eye of the Sahara Desert, the rich structure, there are many types of stones. There are also Rhyolitic Rocks, which must have flowed with lava at some time. Apart from this, gabros, carbonatitis and kimberlitis were also present. Gabbros are stones that make two rings inside. The ring of most difference is also like this. It is built at a distance of 3 km from the center. The width of this ring is 20 meters. (Photo: Nasa)

When scientists found out the age of Carbontitis here, it was found that it is from 94 million years to 104 million years old. Scientists think it was an ancient dome. It was discovered by scientist Richt Mollard. Then in 1952 the scientist Theodore Monod studied. Then gathered information about these stones. (Photo: Nasa)

There is also a collection of archaeological rocky artifacts of Achulian civilization in the Richt structure. Archaeologists often go and study here. Spears and arrows of Neolithic era have also been found here. Which were made from stones. A large number of sediments are also gathered here. This sandy deposit is from 9.8 feet to 13.1 feet height. In Arabic language, this place is called Kalb-e-Rishat (Guelb-er-Richat). (Photo: Nasa)

Fast Radio Bursts: Where are mysterious radio waves coming from? Hubble Telescope discovers distant Galaxy address

For the first time, so many FRBs have been seen in high resolution and Hubble has shown that they are on or near the spiral arm of a galaxy. Most of the giant galaxies are still new and are becoming stars.

There are many puzzles of the universe that are yet to be solved. Fast Radio Bursts, FRBs is also one of these. These very short and intense radio wave pulses come from deep space but the reason behind them is not yet understood. Now the Astronomers have detected the galaxies from which the 5 FRBs are coming.

NASA's Instagram picture of a melting glacier is beautiful, but also a threat!

By the time of writing this news, the picture had been liked by over 9 lakh users. Many people appreciated the beauty of the picture and many users expressed concern about climate change and global warming.

NASA shared a picture of a melting glacier on its Instagram account. As beautiful as this picture is in view, its truth is as frightening. This picture shows that we are falling prey to global warming very fast. This photo is taken by a French astronaut Thomas Pesquet from the International Space Station (ISS). It overlooks the Upsala Glacier, the third largest glacier in the southern Patagonian icefields of Argentina and Chile. The US Space Agency says that our glaciers are becoming smaller and that these changes are visible to astronauts from space, as well as the Earth Observation Satellite providing climate scientists with information about the home environment. This picture clearly shows that a large part of this huge glacier has broken due to global warming and it is melting rapidly.

NASA's caption in the picture says that as the climate changes on Earth, the International Space Station is sending photos of these changes to make our planet safer.

The only eye on earth which is also visible from space.

Whenever an astronaut approaches the space station, an eye is kept from the earth on it. Most astronauts take photographs of this eye from the space station. Make a video. Because this eye is so big that this earth is visible even from the space station orbiting about 450 kilometers. This eye is completely round. Its diameter is 50 kilometers. That's why astronauts see it with open eyes.

This eye has many names. This is called the eye of Sahara. That is, the eye of the Sahara desert. It is located in Mauritania, North-West Africa. Therefore, it is also called the Eye of Mauritania. It is in Africa, so it is also called the Eye of Africa. Scientists believe that it was a naturally finished plateau dome. Due to continuous erosion, now only a circular layer-by-layer crater is left. (Photo: Nasa)

Scientists call the Eye of Sahara the Richat Structure. Spherical rings are made around this structure. The outer part of each ring is rocky and plateau, while the inside is dark and sandy. This place is not known only scientifically. It is also called the bastion of Acheulean archaeological artefacts here. The rings you see around it are not just stones. There are brown stones. There is yellow and white sand. There are green plants and thorn bushes. What is visible in blue is salt. (Photo: Nasa)

Acheulean was an ancient civilization, where stone instruments and tools were made. It was here that humans discovered the ax and hammer. This civilization was spread all over Africa at that time. Apart from this, it also had its empire in South Asia i.e. all over India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, South-eastern part of China, East Asia, Middle-East Asia and European countries. It is believed that the technique of making instruments and tools from stones was discovered here 10.76 crore years ago. (Photo: Nasa)

In the eye of the Sahara Desert, the rich structure, there are many types of stones. There are also Rhyolitic Rocks, which must have flowed with lava at some time. Apart from this, gabros, carbonatitis and kimberlitis were also present. Gabbros are stones that make two rings inside. The ring of most difference is also like this. It is built at a distance of 3 km from the center. The width of this ring is 20 meters. (Photo: Nasa)

When scientists found out the age of Carbontitis here, it was found that it is from 94 million years to 104 million years old. Scientists think it was an ancient dome. It was discovered by scientist Richt Mollard. Then in 1952 the scientist Theodore Monod studied. Then gathered information about these stones. (Photo: Nasa)

There is also a collection of archaeological rocky artifacts of Achulian civilization in the Richt structure. Archaeologists often go and study here. Spears and arrows of Neolithic era have also been found here. Which were made from stones. A large number of sediments are also gathered here. This sandy deposit is from 9.8 feet to 13.1 feet height. In Arabic language, this place is called Kalb-e-Rishat (Guelb-er-Richat). (Photo: Nasa)

Fast Radio Bursts: Where are mysterious radio waves coming from? Hubble Telescope discovers distant Galaxy address

For the first time, so many FRBs have been seen in high resolution and Hubble has shown that they are on or near the spiral arm of a galaxy. Most of the giant galaxies are still new and are becoming stars.

There are many puzzles of the universe that are yet to be solved. Fast Radio Bursts, FRBs is also one of these. These very short and intense radio wave pulses come from deep space but the reason behind them is not yet understood. Now the Astronomers have detected the galaxies from which the 5 FRBs are coming.

New NASA Earth System Observatory to Help Address, Mitigate Climate Change

NASA will design a new set of Earth-focused missions to provide key information to guide efforts related to climate change, disaster mitigation, fighting forest fires, and improving real-time agricultural processes.

Nasa joins hands with Isro to develop Earth Observatory to mitigate climate change, better disaster management

As part of the Earth System Observatory, each satellite will be designed uniquely to work together and create a 3D, holistic view of Earth, from bedrock to atmosphere.

Isro to provide radar systems for observatory

While the observatory is at a formulation stage, Isro will provide two radar systems that can measure changes in Earth’s surface less than a half-inch. The radar to be used in one of the observatory’s first missions intended as a pathfinder has been dubbed as Nasa-Isro Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR).

"This mission will measure some of the planet’s most complex processes such as ice-sheet collapse and natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides," Nasa said in the statement. NISAR will assist planners and decision-makers with managing both hazards and natural resources in the future.

As India prepares to tackle the upcoming Cyclone Yaas, disaster management has emerged as a critical part of the global agenda as climate change leads to increased cyclonic storms, wildfires and major forest fires. Now, a new system to be developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) aided by radar systems from the Indian Space & Research Organisation (Isro) will provide key information to guide efforts related to climate change and disaster mitigation.

As part of the Earth System Observatory, each satellite will be designed uniquely to work together and create a 3D, holistic view of Earth, from bedrock to atmosphere.

"The observatory follows recommendations from the 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, which lays out ambitious but critically necessary research and observation guidance," Nasa said in a statement.

Key focus on predicting natural hazards

The new system will focus on finding answers to the critical question of how aerosols affect the global energy balance, air quality forecasting, and prediction of severe weather. The system will also provide drought assessment and forecast, associated planning for water use for agriculture, as well as supporting natural hazard response.

Scientists will use the data from the observatory to understanding climate changes that impact food and agriculture, habitation, and natural resources. Meanwhile, it will also provide quantifying models of sea-level and landscape change driven by climate change, hazard forecasts, and disaster impact assessments including dynamics of earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, groundwater, and Earth’s interior.

Indian rocket

Indian rocket

 

Sounding 

Sounding rockets are one or two-stage solid propellant rockets used for probing the upper atmospheric regions and for space research. They also serve as easily affordable platforms to test or prove prototypes of new components or subsystems intended for use in launch vehicles and satellites. With the establishment of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1963 at Thumba, a location close to the magnetic equator, there was a quantum jump in the scope for aeronomy and atmospheric sciences in India. The launch of the first sounding rocket from Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 21 November 1963, marked the beginning of the Indian Space Programme. Sounding rockets made it possible to probe the atmosphere in situ using rocket-borne instrumentation. The first rockets were two-stage rockets imported from Russia (M-100) and France (Centaure). While the M-100 could carry a payload of 70 kg to an altitude of 85 km, the Centaure was capable of reaching 150 km with a payload of approximately 30 kg.

ISRO started launching indigenously made sounding rockets in 1965 The experience gained was of immense value in mastering solid propellant technology. In 1975, all sounding rocket activities were consolidated under the Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR) Programme. RH-75, with a diameter of 75mm was the first truly Indian sounding rocket, which was followed by RH-100 and RH-125 rockets.  The sounding rocket programme was the bedrock on which the edifice of launch vehicle technology in ISRO could be built. It is possible to conduct coordinated campaigns by simultaneously launching sounding rockets from different locations. It is also possible to launch several sounding rockets in a single day.

Operational sounding Rockets

Currently, three versions are offered as operational sounding rockets, which cover a payload range of 8-100 Kg and an apogee range of 80-475 km.

Vehicle                  RH-200 RH-300-Mk-II RH-560-MK-II

Payload (in kg) 10 60 100

Altitude (in km) 80 160 470

Purpose Meteorology Aeronomy Aeronomy

Launch Pad Thumba Balasore SDSC-SHAR SDSC-SHAR

Several scientific missions with national and international participation have been conducted using the Rohini sounding rockets.

SLV rocket

SLV ROCKET

Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3) was India's first experimental satellite launch vehicle, which was an all solid, four-stage vehicle weighing 17 tonnes with a height of 22m and capable of placing 40 kg class payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

SLV-3

SLV-3 was successfully launched on July 18, 1980, from Sriharikota Range (SHAR), when Rohini satellite, RS-1, was placed in orbit, thereby making India the sixth member of an exclusive club of space-faring nations. SLV-3 employed open-loop guidance (with stored pitch programme) to steer the vehicle in flight along a pre-determined trajectory. The first experimental flight of SLV-3, in August 1979, was only partially successful. Apart from the July 1980 launch, two more launches were held in May 1981 and April 1983, orbiting Rohini satellites carrying remote sensing sensors.

The successful culmination of the SLV-3 project showed the way to advanced launch vehicle projects such as the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

ASLV ROCKET

ASLV ROCKET

With a lift-off weight of 40 tonnes, the 24 m tall ASLV was configured as a five-stage, all-solid propellant vehicle, with a mission of orbiting 150 kg class satellites into 400 km circular orbits.

ASLV 

The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) Programme was designed to augment the payload capacity to 150 kg, thrice that of SLV-3, for Low Earth Orbits (LEO). While building upon the experience gained from the SLV-3 missions, ASLV proved to be a low-cost intermediate vehicle to demonstrate and validate critical technologies, that would be needed for future launch vehicles like strap-on technology, inertial navigation, bulbous heat shield, vertical integration and closed-loop guidance.

Under the ASLV programme, four developmental flights were conducted. The first developmental flight took place on March 24, 1987, and the second on July 13, 1988. The third developmental flight, ASLV-D3 was successfully launched on May 20, 1992, when SROSS-C (106 kg) was put into an orbit of 255 x 430 km. ASLV-D4 launched on May 4, 1994, orbited SROSS-C2 weighing 106 kg. It had two payloads, Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) Experiment and Retarding Potentio Analyser (RPA) and functioned for seven years.

POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE OR PSLV ROCKET

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. After its first successful launch in October 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile workhorse launch vehicle of India with 39 consecutively successful missions by June 2017. During the 1994-2017 period, the vehicle has launched 48 Indian satellites and 209 satellites for customers from abroad.

Besides, the vehicle successfully launched two spacecraft – Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 and Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft in 2013 – that later travelled to Moon and Mars respectively

Vehicle Specifications

Height: 44 m

Diameter: 2.8 m

Number of Stages: 4

Lift Off Mass: 320 tonnes (XL)

Variants : 3 (PSLV-G, PSLV - CA, PSLV - XL)

First Flight: September 20, 1993

PSLV Launcher

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Payload to SSPO: 1,750 kg

PSLV earned its title 'the Workhorse of ISRO' through consistently delivering various satellites to Low Earth Orbits, particularly the IRS series of satellites. It can take up to 1,750 kg of payload to Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits of 600 km altitude.

Payload to Sub GTO: 1,425 kg

Due to its unmatched reliability, PSLV has also been used to launch various satellites into Geosynchronous and Geostationary orbits, like satellites from the IRNSS constellation.

Fourth Stage: PS4

The PS4 is the uppermost stage of PSLV, comprising of two Earth storable liquid engines.

Engine : 2 x PS-4

Fuel : MMH + MON

Max. Thrust : 7.6 x 2 kN

Third Stage: PS3

The third stage of PSLV is a solid rocket motor that provides the upper stages high thrust after the atmospheric phase of the launch.

Fuel: HTPB

Max. Thrust: 240 kN

Second Stage: PS2

PSLV uses an Earth storable liquid rocket engine for its second stage, known as the Vikas engine, developed by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre.

Engine: Vikas

Fuel : UDMH + N2O4

Max. Thrust: 799 kN

First Stage: PS1

PSLV uses the S139 solid rocket motor that is augmented by 6 solid strap-on boosters.

Engine: S139

Fuel: HTPB

Max. Thrust: 4800 kN

Strap-on Motors

PSLV uses 6 solid rocket strap-on motors to augment the thrust provided by the first stage in its PSLV-G and PSLV-XL variants. However, strap-ons are not used in the core alone version (PSLV-CA).

Fuel: HTPB

Max. Thrust: 719 kN

GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE or GSLV ROCKET

GSLV

About the Launch Vehicle

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-II (GSLV Mk II) is the largest launch vehicle developed by India, which is currently in operation. This fourth-generation launch vehicle is a three-stage vehicle with four liquid strap-ons. The indigenously developed cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS), which is flight-proven, forms the third stage of GSLV Mk II. From January 2014, the vehicle has achieved four consecutive successes.

Vehicle Specifications

Height: 49.13 m

Number of Stages : 3

Lift Off Mass: 414.75 tonnes

First Flight: April 18, 2001

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Payload to GTO: 2,500 kg

GSLV's primary payloads are INSAT class of communication satellites that operate from Geostationary orbits and hence are placed in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbits by GSLV.

Payload to LEO: 5,000 kg

Further, GSLV's capability of placing up to 5 tonnes in Low Earth Orbits broadens the scope of payloads from heavy satellites to multiple smaller satellites.

Third Stage: CUS

Developed under the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP), the CE-7.5 is India's first cryogenic engine, developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre. CE-7.5 has a staged combustion operating cycle.

Fuel : LOX + LH2

Max. Thrust : 75 kN

Burn-time : 720 sec

Second Stage: GS2

One Vikas engine is used in the second stage of GSLV. The stage was derived from the PS2 of PSLV where the Vikas engine has proved its reliability.

Engine: Vikas

Fuel : UDMH + N2O4

Max. Thrust: 800 kN

Burntime: 150 sec

First Stage: GS1

The first stage of GSLV was also derived from the PSLV's PS1. The 138-tonne solid rocket motor is augmented by 4 liquid strap-ons.

Engine: S139

Fuel: HTPB

Max. Thrust: 4700 kN

Burntime: 100 sec

Strap-on Motors

The four liquid engine strap-ons used in GSLV are heavier derivatives of PSLV's PS2 and use one Vikas engine each.

GSLV Mk III

About the Launch Vehicle

GSLV MkIII, chosen to launch Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, is a three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO. The vehicle has two solid strap-ons, a core liquid booster and a cryogenic upper stage.

GSLV Mk III is designed to carry a 4 ton class of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which is about twice the capability of the GSLV Mk II.

The two strap-on motors of GSLV Mk III are located on either side of its core liquid booster. Designated as ‘S200’, each carries 205 tons of composite solid propellant and their ignition results in vehicle lift-off. S200s function for 140 seconds. During the strap-ons functioning phase, the two clustered Vikas liquid Engines of the L110 liquid core booster will ignite 114 sec after lift-off to further augment the thrust of the vehicle. These two engines continue to function after the separation of the strap-ons at about 140 seconds after lift-off.

The first experimental flight of LVM3, the LVM3-X/CARE mission lifted off from Sriharikota on December 18, 2014, successfully tested the flight's atmospheric phase. Crew module Atmospheric Reentry Experiment was also carried out in this flight. The module reentered, deployed its parachutes as planned and splashed down in the Bay of Bengal.

The first developmental flight of GSLV Mk III, the GSLV-Mk III-D1 successfully placed the GSAT-19 satellite to a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on June 05, 2017, from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.

GSLV MkIII-D2, the second developmental flight of GSLV MkIII successfully launched GSAT-29, a high throughput communication satellite on November 14, 2018, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota

GSLV MkIII-M1, successfully injected Chandrayaan-2, India’s second Lunar Mission, into Earth Parking Orbit on July 22, 2019, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota

Specifications

Height: 43.43 m

Vehicle Diameter: 4.0 m

Heat Shield (Payload Fairing) Diameter: 5.0 m

Number of Stages : 3

Lift Off Mass: 640 tonnes

GSLV Mk III

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Payload to GTO: 4,000 kg

Payload to GTO: 4,000 kg

GSLV Mk III will be capable of placing the 4-tonne class satellites of the GSAT series into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbits.

Payload to LEO: 8,000 kg

Payload to LEO: 8,000 kg

The powerful cryogenic stage of GSLV Mk III enables it to place heavy payloads into Low Earth Orbits of 600 km altitude.

Cryogenic Upper Stage: C25

Cryogenic Upper Stage: C25

The C25 is powered by CE-20, India's largest cryogenic engine, designed and developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre.

Cryo Stage Height: 13.5 m

Cryo Stage Diameter: 4.0 m

Engine: CE-20

Fuel : 28 tonnes of LOX + LH2

Solid Rocket Boosters: S200

GSLV Mk III uses two S200 solid rocket boosters to provide the huge amount of thrust required for lift-off. The S200 was developed at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.

Booster Height: 25 m

Booster Diameter: 3.2 m

Fuel: 205 tonnes of HTPB (nominal)

Core Stage: L110 Liquid Stage

Core Stage: L110 Liquid Stage

The L110 liquid stage is powered by two Vikas engines designed and developed at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre.

Stage Height: 21 m

Stage Diameter: 4 m

Engine: 2 x Vikas

Fuel: 110 tonnes of UDMH + N2O4

Fuel : UDMH + N2O4

Max. Thrust: 680 kN

Burntime: 160 sec

THANKS 

New NASA Earth Systems Observatory to Help Address, Mitigate Climate Change

NASA will design a new set of Earth-focused missions to provide key information to guide efforts related to climate change, disaster mitigation, fighting forest fires, and improving real-time agricultural processes.

May 24, 2021
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NASA found organic salt on Mars

 New discovery: NASA found organic salt on Mars, will help in the discovery of micro-organisms in future missions

NASA has found organic salt on Mars, the study of which microorganisms can be found on other planets besides Mars.

The American Space Agency NASA has been engaged in the search for life on Mars for the past several years. In the same sequence, after examining samples brought from Red Planet to Earth, NASA said that there may be organic salts (organic salts) on the surface of Mars. After this discovery of NASA, our understanding of the surface of Mars will be further developed. Also, it will also help in searching for micro-organisms on other planets. NASA said in a statement, 'Like ancient pottery, these salts are chemical residues of organic compounds, such as those previously detected by Curiosity Rover.'

Organic salt can be formed when exposed to radiation and oxidation.

Research published in a research journal states that iron, calcium, magnesium oxalate, and acetate, affected by radiation and oxidation, can dissolve together in organic salts on the surface of Mars. These salts may be formed through geologic processes or may be microorganisms. NASA said the discovery could be helpful for future Mars missions.

Life expectancy in another environment

NASA said that this discovery also emphasizes the possibility of life in another environment. Some organisms, like Earth, may use organic salts such as oxalate and acetate for energy. Researcher James MT Lewis said, "If organic salts are more dispersed on the surface of Mars, then we can find out about their composition and distribution of biological records." In the coming time, they can contribute significantly.

Research on the ancient environment of Mars

The goal of the researchers was to find out what kind of molecules may have been on Mars and what they can tell about the ancient environment of the red planet. "We want to explore the billion-year-old organic chemistry," Louis said. Scientists were already predicting that organic compounds could break down salts.

NASA's Amazing: Hubble captures the amazing incident of a thousand times faster than the Sun and a lightning-fast blast

These extraordinary Fast Radio Burst FRBs generate many times more energy than the Sun does not produce in the entire year, in thousandths of a second.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has once again shown amazing performance. With the help of this telescope, Astronomers have detected the powerful radio blasts of five distant galaxies. Hubble has taken pictures of this blast. These extraordinary Fast Radio Burst FRBs generate many times more energy than the Sun does not produce in the entire year, in thousandths of a second.

These radio pulse disappear in the blink of an eye and researchers have to face many difficulties in studying them. It becomes very difficult for them to find out that they are made of something after all. Because of this most of the time astronomers are unable to know in which direction to look. Hubble discovers the Galaxy Spiral Arms, where stars are born.

Hubble made the job easy

To know where these blasts are happening and from which galaxies they are born, it is very important to find out from which activity so much amount of energy is released. Hubble studied 8 FRBs under the new survey, enabling researchers to generate a list of potential FRBs.

Glow in the night

According to the records of Parkes Radio Observatory, on July 24, 2001, FRB was first detected. Since then astronomers have found more than 1000 FRBs, but only 15 of these have been known to have a relationship with any galaxy. The lead author of the study, Alexandra Mannings of the University of California, said that our results are new and encouraging. This is the first time high resolution photos of FRBs have been found. Hubble has also discovered that five of these are in our nearby galaxy.

In the process of becoming stars

ALEXANDRA MANNINGS said that most of these galaxies are much larger and much newer. The process of making stars is going on here. From these pictures, we can get a better idea about the rate at which stars are being formed here and what is the position of FRB right now.

x

Media Invited to NASA’s Laser Communications Demonstration Launch

U.S. media accreditation has opened for an upcoming rocket launch with a NASA payload that aims to enhance communications capabilities for the agency’s future missions, including the potential to increase bandwidth 10 to 100 times more than radio frequency systems.

May 21, 2021
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NASA Invites Media to Launch of Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test-2

Media accreditation is open for prelaunch and launch activities for NASA’s Boeing Orbital Flight Test-2 (OFT-2) mission to the International Space Station, the second uncrewed flight test of the company’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

May 21, 2021
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Pennsylvania, Texas Students to Hear from Astronauts on Space Station

Pennsylvania and Texas students have opportunities next week to hear from astronauts aboard the International Space Station.

May 21, 2021
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NASA Invites Media to Briefing on Science Launching to Space Station

NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT Wednesday, May 26, to discuss select science investigations launching on the next SpaceX commercial resupply flight to the International Space Station.

May 20, 2021
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NASA, ESA, JAXA Host Hackathon to Study COVID-19’s Environmental Effects

The measures countries have taken in response to COVID-19, ranging from large-scale lockdowns to the mass deployment of personal protective equipment, have resulted in environmental effects.

May 20, 2021
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indian private space companies

 Agnibaan: Large industrialists have done startups building private satellites on the lines of Elon Musk's SpaceX

There are signs of a boom in the market for small satellite launches across the world in the next decade. Accordingly, many companies are working in India. Skyroot, launched by former Indian Space Research Organization or former ISRO scientist Pawan Kumar Chandna, Nag Bharat Daka, and Vasudevan Gandhi, hopes that the company can launch its first rocket in 2021 alone.

New Delhi

A Hyderabad-based SKYROOT aerospace is working on developing a rocket that can be assembled and launched in a day. This can prove to be a revolutionary step in the direction of sending small satellites to space worldwide. There are signs of a boom in the market for small satellite launches across the world in the next decade. Accordingly, many companies are working in India. The start-up skyroot, launched by former Indian Space Research Organization or former ISRO scientist Pawan Kumar Chandna, Nag Bharat Daka, and Vasudevan Gandhi, hopes that the company can launch its first rocket in 2021 alone.

Cost of launching a satellite in India

Skyroot says that it can reduce the cost of launching a satellite by one-third. Chandana of SkyRoot said, "We are one of the few companies that have the ability to make solid and cryogenic propulsion. Solid propulsion is the cheapest option for small launchers while cryogenic propulsion is complex but very successful for large vehicles. Can be proved. Skyroot (satellite) is actually also developing a family of rockets named after Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's space program.

Agnikul Cosmos Private Limited

Agnikul Cosmos Private Limited

A spacotech startup was established at IIT Madras named Agnikul Cosmos Private Limited. The company recently raised $ 11 million in funding from A-Team. The investment has been made by venture capital firm Mayfield India. Anand Mahindra, Chairman of the Mahindra Group, has also invested in Agnikul Cosmos. Along with this, top investors of Silicon Valley Naval Ravikant and Balaji Srinivasan have also invested in Agnikul. Agnikul Cosmos is making a satellite named Agnaban. Private space technology companies in the country are playing big bets on Agnikul Cosmos.

scientists in skyroot

Mukesh Bansal said, "Skyroot really has the best team of scientists in the country. These scientists have a lot of expertise from satellite design to rocket making." India is currently not allowing private companies to operate in the space sector, but it is expected that through the proposed Space Activities Bill 2017, private companies may also be allowed to operate in the space. This draft bill suggested that private firms should also be included in the Space Program. This includes work related to making rockets, satellites and launching them. This suggestion states that private companies should be involved in this business for both Indian and foreign customers.

PSLV is fireball

Agnikul co-founder Srinath Ravichandran said, "Agnikul is working on making the space accessible to the small satellite market. It is currently available only to large companies. Agnikul's team is working with a customer-centric approach. Which has been continuously innovating. Earlier Agnikul Cosmos has raised $ 3.1 million funding in the year 2020. Agnikul Cosmos is actually involved in making Private Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSSLV) for India. As Agnikul has built a small satellite launch vehicle (SSLV) that can carry 100kg and move to the Lower Earth Arbit.

Nepal Is Going To The Moon

 

Nepal Is Going To The Moon

Kathmandu-based Kanjirowa National Secondary School today announced that it is all set to send its student's artwork to the Moon. According to Kapil Dev Regmi the Chairman of the school, the artefact will be brought to the surface of the Moon by Astrobotic Technologies' Peregrine lander, flown aboard United Launch Alliance's Atlas V rocket, both American companies, in the year 2020. "The art represents Nepal's unique identity which is very symbolic and it represents Nepal."

Regmi shared that Kanjirowa is very proud to send Nepal's first ever object to the Moon. The artwork was designed by Kanjirowa student Bipina Sharma, he added. Regmi also expressed his gratitude to Tristram Perry who has always been supportive of Kanjirowa. "I am sure it is an achievement and will be a time to remember in the future," he added. He further expressed his strong interest to work together with Ministry of Science and Technology and US Embassy in for further STEM project collaboration. During the program, a model of the Atlas V rocket was also exhibited.

It has been possible because of the untiring efforts of our STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) collaborator, Michael Kronmiller, with the support of his family and a world class team of advisers, including American astronauts, according to Regmi. STEM education was introduced at Kanjirowa with the initiation of Michael Kronmiller, joined by his father, former US Ambassador, Theodore Kronmiller, and it has been the first school in Nepal to introduce this high-technology-oriented curriculum. Kronmiller expressed his belief that US Government could contribute more to Nepal as the Nepali Government has taken STEM education positively."

 Keith's note: It was exciting to hear that Astrobotic was selected by NASA to go to the Moon. This idea for this payload came from Michael Kronmiller. Mike was directly inspired by the Everest and Moon rocks that Scott Parazynski and I managed to get up to the International Space Station. Scott, myself, and Bill Readdy served as advisors for several STEM education projects that Mike did in Nepal including the flying a drone at Everest Base Camp. Mike is the son of our friends Kate and Ted Kronmiller who have been prominent members of the DC space community for decades. I can't tell you how cool this is. Scott and I often joked that our Moon and Everest rocks would stay on the ISS until we could figure out how to send them to the Moon. This is an even better option! Meanwhile a cubesat constructed by Nepalese students has been launched to the ISS.

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NASA Statement on China’s Zhurong Mars Rover Photos

NASA Administrator Sen. Bill Nelson issued the following statement Wednesday after the China National Space Administration’s release of the first photos from the Zhurong Mars rover:

May 19, 2021
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3 Students Named Winners of Artemis Moon Pod Essay Contest

NASA has named three students the winners of the Artemis Moon Pod Essay Contest for their creative visions of a pioneering journey to the Moon. Nearly

May 19, 2021
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BlackSky's flight to two satellites orbiting

 Mission failed in just three minutes of launching, rocket destroyed before two satellites reached orbit

BlackSky's flight to two satellites orbiting

Spaceflight was managed by the company BlackSky's flight to two satellites orbiting the Earth. But within a few minutes, both these satellites were destroyed.

The rocket lab electron booster, which was trying to take two commercial satellites into space, failed on Saturday. Just 3 minutes after launching, this mission failed due to some technical glitch. It was launched from Rocket Labs Launch Complex 1 in Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand. But in less than three minutes, this launch failed when the electron separated in the second phase. (Rocket Lab Electron Launch fails to reach orbit 2 commercial satellites lost)

Spaceflight was managed by the company BlackSky's flight to two satellites orbiting the Earth. But within a few minutes, both these satellites were destroyed. Rocket Lab issued a statement on Twitter, saying, 'There was some problem during today's launch, due to which the mission failed. We are sorry for the loss of our customers BlackSky and SpaceFlight. This problem occurred before the start of the second phase. '

Camera capture event

The camera was mounted on the upper side of the electron, which shows that it separated only after 2 minutes and 35 minutes of launch. After this, he started going towards one direction and then was destroyed. The rocket lab has confirmed the satellite's destruction only four minutes after its separation from the rocket.

Mission failed last year too

In July last year, the company's mission failed. The company later traced that the mission failed due to a poor electrical connection. Rocket Lab launched the first mission in 2017. Even at that time, the satellite had failed to reach the orbit due to technical disturbances. However, Rocket Lab has executed 18 successful missions. Rocket Lab launched 58-foot high electron booster after an hour delay. Although there was strong wind at that time. This was the company's 20th mission.

NASA's perseverance rover discovers 'mysterious' stone on Mars, does it contain the 'ancient life' of the red planet within itself?

NASA's perseverance rover discovers 'mysterious' stone on Mars, does it contain the 'ancient life' of the red planet within in the photographs of Perseverance Rover, a 45-km-wide rocky surface filled with stones of the Jagero crater can be seen. The stones present here are quite mysterious.

photograph taken by Perception Rover (NASA)

Nasa’s Perseverance Rover Rock Images

Stones seen in photograph taken by Perception Rover (NASA)

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The US Space Agency NASA's Perseverance Rover has started work on its new home, Mars. For the past five weeks, he has been working to record and help the Ingenuity chopper's movements. However, during this time, Perseverance Rover continued its scientific work. For example, Perseverance took high-resolution images of its surroundings through the Mastcam-Z imaging system.

Mars expect signs of increased life

Can live on mars

China Mars Landing

The rocky surface filled with stones of the 45 km wide Jjero crater can be seen in these photos by Perceived Rover. These stones look quite mysterious. Please tell that the rover had landed on this place on 18 February. The rover studied the surrounding stones in detail with the help of two other devices installed inside it. Scientists are excited to know whether these stones are present here due to volcano or are scattered here due to sediment of a river.

What are volcanic and sedimentary rocks?

nasa mars mistress rocks

Volcanic rocks are formed after an eruption in a volcano. These can serve as geological clocks. With their help, scientists can better understand the history and development of the Jagero crater. It is believed that there would have been a lake and river delta here billions of years ago with the Jagero crater. On the other hand, sedimentary rocks form over time due to deposition of dirt and sand. If there had been life in the Jagero crater, then these rocks have more ability to preserve life on Mars.

Mars sample-return mission

Perseverance Rover has two major missions. The first is to find traces of life on Mars, while the second mission is to collect several dozen samples of potential astrobiological significance. These stones can also be included in this. This ancient Mars material will be brought to Earth by a joint expedition by NASA and the European Space Agency. Perhaps a mission will be started for this by 2031. "When you look at these stones, you see a story of Mars," said Ken Farley of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and scientist of the Perseverance Project.

 James Webb space telescope

James Webb space telescope launch date

James Webb space telescope launch

the James Webb space telescope is designed primarily to observe

James Webb space telescope vs Hubble

James Webb space telescope images

the James Webb space telescope

James Webb space telescope cost

James Webb space telescope orbit

James Webb space telescope orbit

China Mars Landing

 China Mars Landing: China's spacecraft landed on Mars for the first time, the Zhurong rover of Tianwen-1 created history

china mars landing video

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The Xinhua News Agency quoted the Chinese National Space Administration as saying that the lander had a touchdown on Saturday. The lander rover landed with the help of a parachute along the jhurong and landed in 7 minutes from the atmosphere.

China has taken a quantum leap in the race for space. According to Chinese state media, China has landed its first spacecraft on the surface of Mars. The Tianwen-1 mission is the first such mission when the vehicle was launched into orbit at one time, the landing platform on the surface of the Red Planet was also dropped and the rover was also sent. The capsule along with the lander and rover reached the surface, ripping Mars' atmosphere. With this, China has become the first country to land on Mars after America.

The Xinhua News Agency quoted the Chinese National Space Administration as saying that the lander had a touchdown on Saturday. The lander rover landed with the help of a parachute along the jhurong and landed in 7 minutes from the atmosphere. It is landed on the Utopia Planitia of Mars. China Rover has 6 wheels and is powered by solar energy. Its weight is around 240 kg. It will collect samples of rocks on Mars and study them. It will work for about 3 months.

NASA on Mars, HOPE

Arabs to Mars, HOPE

Tianwen-1 reached Mars orbit in February. In February, the US Space Agency NASA's Perseverance Rover also landed on Mars. He has also started his scientific work after a long time of testing there now. NASA has also sent a helicopter Ingenuity which has completed five of its successful flights. Apart from these two countries, this year the United Arab Emirates spacecraft hope has also reached the orbit of Mars which will revolve around the orbit of Mars and will prepare a detailed map of it.

Tianwen-1 mission is at work

The orbiter of Tianwen-1 has given several photographs before landing. A video was taken from the Small Engineering Survey sub-system camera of Tianwen-1, in whose frame Mars was seen. After this, the edge of the atmosphere of Mars was seen. Crater also appeared on the surface of Mars. The second video showed a picture taken with the monitoring camera of the tracking antenna of Tianwen-1. Many small monitoring cameras are installed in the engineering survey sub-system.

What if NASA and ISRO joined forces?

what is the full form of NASA and ISRO?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Indian Space Research-Organisation

NASA still reigns as the world’s leading and best-funded space agency.

 But there are now others close behind it…-and they’re getting closer!

 In recent years, ISRO (The Indian Space Research-Organisation) has emerged as one of the most prominent and successful other agencies from within the world’s Big Six - with arguably only China’s space endeavors earning more headlines.

 But should our efforts toward space travel continue to remain so divided?

 Could we achieve more if we worked together,-instead?

 This is Unveiled, and today we’re answering the extraordinary question;

 What if NASA and-ISRO joined forces?

 Are you a fiend for facts?

 Are you constantly curious?

 In the exciting world of space travel, the race is always on.

 Agencies (and the nations that those agencies represent) strive to be the first to achieve any given milestone.

 And we saw this at its most extreme during the cold war era between NASA and the Soviet-Space Program.

 While the Soviets beat NASA to many major space breakthroughs, NASA took the top prize when they landed the first astronauts on the moon in 1969.

 Today, it’s more than fifty years since that giant leap for mankind, but have we really progressed as far as we might’ve hoped?

 In some ways, yes… in other ways, no.

 We have machines on Mars, we’ve sent probes into interstellar space, and the European-Space Agency even managed to land a vehicle on a comet… but at the same time, the last-major crewed mission that wasn’t to a low-Earth-orbit space station was Apollo 17 in December-1972.

 ISRO has high hopes of changing the course of our space future, however, with plenty of pioneering missions tabled for the next few years - including India’s first ever-crewed mission, Gaganyaan.

 Meanwhile, NASA has plans for crewed trips to Mars, plus the resurgent Artemis Program-which aims to get US astronauts back to the moon's surface.

 If both world-leading organizations partnered up, then, what could we expect?

 Really, the foundations have already been made.

WHAT IS NISAR?

 NASA and ISRO enjoy a positive, forward-thinking relationship as it is… capped off by the NASA-ISRO SAR project (otherwise known as NISAR).

 NISAR is described as a joint Earth-observing-mission, with the S-A-R bit standing for Synthetic-Aperture Radar.

 It’s a car-sized, all-weather satellite developed by NASA and ISRO together, and planned to circle the globe for at least three years after launch in 2023.

 In that time, it will produce some incredibly precise, radar maps and images of the land-and-sea, accurate to within a centimeter.

 The project will have many useful applications,-including charting erosion, measuring ice caps, and even (potentially) predicting when volcanoes are likely to erupt.

 NISAR hasn’t quite received the media attention that some other space missions have in the twenty-first century, but it could quickly become one of the most influential satellites in orbit so far… in terms of how we live our everyday lives, and how we view the world-we live them in.

 So, that’s a taste of what a NASA-ISRO partnership could produce.

 Huge missions with far-reaching, international consequences.

 Meanwhile, the US and India have also co-operated over Mars before now, signing documents in-2014 designed so that both sides can make the best use out of their Mars orbiters - MAVEN-(for NASA) and Mangalyaan (for ISRO).

NASA MAVEN MISSION

INDIAN MARS MISSION

 Both probes entered orbit around the Red Planet in September 2014, within two days of each other.

 And they’ve provided years’ worth of valuable data since.

 In this case, it’s more of a you-help-us-we’ll-help-you-kind of a deal… but it shows, again, that NASA and ISRO are already on good terms.

 Naturally, though, in an alternate world where the United States and India partnered for everything to do with space, we could expect-a vastly different technological landscape.

 And perhaps we’d even be heading in a vastly different direction in terms of the future of humankind.

 In history 

as we know it, ISRO was created just a month after NASA’s Apollo 11 moon-landings.

APOLLO 11 MOON LANDING

 Its formation somewhat snuck under the radar,-then, as the world’s attention was firmly on America, and the three astronauts Neil-Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins.

 To some degree, this was the shape of things to come, as America continued with its headline-making-missions in the following years, with a global profile that NASA still enjoys… while India developed its space program more steadily,-building on various successes to become a the-international force of today.

 ISRO founder Vikram Sarabhai called for a measured approach to make the best use of a limited budget from the outset.

 And Sarabhai’s ethos remains a cornerstone for Indian space research, with ISRO widely considered one of the most budget-efficient and reliable space agencies around.

NASA and ISRO partner up

 If NASA and ISRO partner up, then, we’d-likely to see these slightly different approaches merge into one - to the benefit of both sides.

 Funding-wise, it’s clear that ISRO would stand to gain the most.

 In 2021, ISRO received around two billion dollars from the state, while NASA pocketed more than twenty-three billion dollars.

 Put them together and split the pot evenly,-and that’s 12.5 billion each.

 So, in some ways, the question amounts to what could ISRO achieve if it had an extra ten billion dollars every year?

 And how would NASA operate if its budget was cut by almost fifty percent?

 Hopefully, this alternate version of the space industry would be about more than just money…-and a NASA-ISRO merger would simply be spending what it had, together.

 On joint missions like NISAR, to make the world a better place.

 Ultimately, though, space is expensive…-but it could be made less expensive if agencies partnered up.

 With Mars, for example, both NASA and ISRO-already have a good track record.

 NASA has landed various rovers, including Perseverance in 2021, whilst ISRO (with the-Mangalyaan orbiter) was the first space agency to successfully reach Mars on its first attempt.

 What’s more, when Mangalyaan arrived, it did so at a fraction of the cost of the world’s-other Mars missions - requiring about ten-times less spend than MAVEN, for example,-at about seventy-four million dollars.

 At the time, news reports from all over marveled at how ISRO had turned a trip to Mars into-a relatively cheap affair.

 Imagine, then, if the financial outlay for all space missions could be cut so drastically.

 Imagine if we had a seeming super-agency,-with NASA’s historic influence and profile-plus ISRO’s famed costing and efficiency.

 Tied together by the incredible breadth of knowledge that both organizations bring.

 The landscape is already changing when it comes to budget thanks to the growing number of private space firms, serving to drive prices down.

 But ISRO has managed to gain success (despite spending less) for decades.

 It’s been way ahead of that particular trend.

 That said, it hasn’t all been successful.

 And perhaps the impact of a hypothetical merger is best shown through the Chandrayaan-2 mission.

 A planned lunar orbiter, lander, and rover,-was launched in 2019 and drew raised eyebrows from some corners because its budget was said to be less than what was spent on the 2014-science fiction movie, “Interstellar”.

 In this instance, it seemed that America was spending more on Hollywood space than India-was spending on the real thing.

However, while that is incredibly impressive,-the mission suffered one major problem when its Vikram lander - named after Vikram Sarabhai-- crashed and was lost, reportedly due to-a software malfunction.

 While the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter remains operational and has continued with its mission, so many of ISRO’s original objectives had to be scrapped.

 Of course, the history of NASA is also full of success alongside failure… and it includes some high-profile tragedies, as well.

 It’s not as though a hypothetical merger would automatically solve all problems and ensure that nothing will ever go wrong again.

 Space is one of our greatest unknowns… and there will always be unforeseen problems and errors to contend with.

 Equally, while private firms are beginning to bring the cost down, and while India does have a spectacular budget record, space travel would still be expensive - even if NASA and-ISRO partnered across the board, tomorrow.

 There’s no overnight fix to the funding issue.

 But, more generally, the wider picture is-a positive one.

 In the modern world, the space race is on-but it’s perhaps not quite as competitive as it once was.

 There are more examples of joint, one-off-missions between not just America and India but all the other major space powers, too.

 When you’re tackling something as massive,-mysterious, and mind-boggling as space is,-it just makes sense to work together.

 And that’s what would happen if NASA and-ISRO joined forces.

 What do you think?

 Is there anything we missed?

 Let us know in the comments,