ISRO GAGANYAAN CREW MODULE
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| GAGANYAAN CREW MODULE |
1. What is Gaganyaan Programme? What are the goals/objectives of the Gaganyaan program?
The Gaganyaan Programme envisages undertaking the demonstration of human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in the short term and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration program in the long run.
The objective of the Gaganyaan program is to demonstrate the indigenous capability to undertake a human space flight mission to LEO.
As part of this program, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by the Government of India (GoI).
What is the total cost of the Gaganyaan program?
The total cost of the Gaganyaan Programme is ~ ₹ 9023.00 crores.
who will go in Gaganyaan mission
ISRO has not yet told who will go to the Gaganyaan mission.
Because ISRO feels that this can spoil the safety of these astronauts.
what is the Gaganyaan crew module?
The place where astronauts stay during their space journey is called Crew Model.
You can imagine that the Crew Model is the astronaut's home in space.
Gaganyaan Crew Module
The crew model used in the Gaganyaan mission will have a seating position of 3 astronauts. Astronauts will be able to do all kinds of work inside this model. This model will have everything that will certainly be taken for a lifetime.
Crew Module Life Support System
Life support systems are an integral part of a deep space living capability. Habitat systems will provide a safe haven for humans as we travel deep into space, and life support is the key to survival inside a deep space habitat.
Simplified life support system schematic
The simplified life support system schematic shows all the elements of the life support system, including the various processors for waste, air, and water.
NASA's Life Support System (LSS) activities develop the ability to sustain humans who are living and working in space -- away from Earth's protective atmosphere and resources such as water, air, and food. This includes monitoring of atmospheric pressure, oxygen levels, waste management, and water supply as well as fire detection and suppression.
CREW module toilet
If humans have to stay in space for a long time, then they will need toilets in the crew model.
A space toilet or zero-gravity toilet is a toilet that can be used in a weightless environment. In the absence of weight, the collection and retention of liquid and solid waste are guided by the use of airflow. As the air used to direct the waste is returned to the cabin, it is pre-filtered to control odor and clean out bacteria. In older systems, wastewater is removed into space, and any solids are compressed and stored for removal upon landing. More modern systems expose solid waste to vacuum pressure to kill bacteria, which prevents odor problems and kills pathogens.
Successful hot Test of Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System – System Demonstration Model (SDM)
On August 28, 2021, ISRO successfully conducted the first hot test of the System Demonstration Model (SDM) of the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System for a duration of 450 s at the test facility of ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. The system performance met the test objectives and there was a close match with the pre-test predictions. Further, a series of hot tests are planned to simulate various mission conditions as well as off-nominal conditions.
The Service Module is part of the Gaganyaan Orbital module and is located below the crew module and remains connected to it until re-entry. The Service Module (SM) Propulsion System consists of a unified bipropellant system consisting of 5 nos. of 440 N thrust engines and 16 nos. of 100 N Reaction Control system (RCS) thrusters with MON-3 and MMH as Oxidizer and Fuel respectively. The System Demonstration Model (SDM), consisting of 5 nos. of 440 N engines and 8 nos. of 100 N thrusters, was realized to qualify the propulsion system performance in the ground. A new test facility is established at IPRC, Mahendragiri for testing the SDM.
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