Exploring the Future: What to Expect from ISRO's Chandrayaan 4 Mission

 The Chandrayaan 4 Mission: A New Era in India's Space Exploration

Chandrayaan 4 mission


The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up for its ambitious Chandrayaan-4 mission, scheduled for launch in 2027. This mission aims to build on the successes of its predecessors, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3, by not only achieving a soft landing on the Moon's south pole but also collecting and returning lunar samples to Earth. This will mark India's first attempt at a lunar sample return mission, placing ISRO among the select group of space agencies that have successfully brought extraterrestrial material to Earth.


Mission Objectives and Strategy

The primary objectives of the Chandrayaan-4 mission are to achieve a safe and gentle landing on the lunar surface, collect and store lunar samples, lift off from the Moon's surface, dock and undock in lunar orbit, transfer samples between spacecraft modules, and return the collected samples safely to Earth.

Mission Components

1. Propulsion System: 

    Responsible for transporting the lander and ascender stages to the Moon.

2. Descender: 

     Designed for the lunar landing, carrying equipment for soil sampling.


3. Ascender:

  Detaches from the lander after collecting samples, then lifts off from the lunar surface.


4. Transfer Module: 

     Receives samples from the Ascender and transports them to the Re-entry module.


5. Re-entry Module: 

Safely brings the lunar samples back to Earth, designed to withstand the re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.


Dual Rocket Launch Strategy

Chandrayaan-4 will utilize two Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3) rockets to transport the five separate modules into Earth's orbit, where they will be docked before embarking on their journey to the Moon.


Advanced Technology and Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX)

The mission's success will hinge on the successful docking of the Ascender Module with the Transfer Module in lunar orbit, a process that relies on the completion of the Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX).

International Collaboration

ISRO is also collaborating with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX), also known as Chandrayaan-5. This joint mission will involve the development of a heavier lander engine and will carry instruments from India, Japan, the US, and Europe. The LUPEX rover will weigh 350-400 kg, significantly larger than the 26 kg rover used in Chandrayaan-3.

 Conclusion

The Chandrayaan-4 mission represents a significant leap forward in India's lunar exploration program. By successfully collecting and returning lunar samples to Earth, ISRO will not only demonstrate its technological prowess but also contribute valuable scientific data to the global community. The mission's success will pave the way for future lunar missions and strengthen India's position as a leading space-faring nation.

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