Welcome to Indian Space News, your go-to source for the latest updates on India’s space program, including ISRO missions. Our blog covers everything from satellite launches to space exploration missions, and we’re dedicated to bringing you accurate and up-to-date information about the Indian Space Research Organisation. Whether you’re a space enthusiast or just curious about the latest developments in Indian space technology, you’ll find something of interest here. Join us
Sivan, likewise the secretary, Branch of Room, encouraged the new alumni to take up 'determined danger' in their life as it might protect them from 'supreme disappointment'.
"As India keeps on zeroing in on financial development, it needs to guarantee that ecological harm is restricted by embracing green advancements.
ISRO has made space grade lithium-particle batteries and this innovation is helpful for mass appropriation of electric vehicle", he noted.
On the green fuel, Sivan stated, "Even in the rocket propulsion, ISRO is creating green propulsion for its human space flight mission.
In future, all the propulsion stages may receive green propulsion," he said.
As per ISRO, polar satellite dispatch vehicle (PSLV) a confided in workhorse of the space researchers - is a four phase rocket loaded up with fuel which pushes the rocket to guarantee that the satellite it conveys is put in the planned circle.
GSLV or a geo-writing material dispatch vehicle (GSLV) is a three phase rocket with a cryogenic upper stage.
The Bengaluru-settled space organization had intended to dispatch its lady human space flight mission 'Gaganyaan' by December 2021.
In any case, early this month, ISRO demonstrated that it is probably going to be deferred by one year because of the effect of Coronavirus pandemic.
Tending to understudies through virtual stage, the ISRO boss urged them to face up determined challenge as it would protect them from 'supreme disappointment.'
"You may fizzle, yet every disappointment would give a significant exercise.
I can say with extraordinary certainty that India's space program has been based on awesome disappointments and every disappointment has brought about enhancements in our framework", he said.
Chandrayaan-2 Mission's Initial Data Released: ISRO
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The Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) has delivered the main arrangement of information from the eight instruments on board India's second lunar mission Chandrayaan-2. The orbiter, which has finished sixteen months around the moon in lunar circle, was dispatched on July 22, 2019 and embedded into the lunar circle on August 20.
On finish of one year of the orbiter being in space, Isro had said that the shuttle was 'sound', execution of subsystems were typical, and there was satisfactory locally available fuel to stay operational for around seven years.
Here is all you require to think about the orbiter:
- Chandrayaan-2, depicted as the most intricate mission ever embraced by Isro, cost not exactly a large portion of the financial plan of Hollywood blockbuster 'Vindicators Endgame'. The complete expense of the mission is assessed at 124 million US dollars, while the film has an expected financial plan of near 356 million US dollars.
The mission made India the fourth country after the United States, Russia and China to land a rocket on the Moon.
- Chandrayaan-2 comprised of three missions clubbed together – the orbiter that would hover around the moon, the Vikram lander that was to make a delicate arriving close to the south pole of the moon, and the Pragyan meanderer that was to investigate the lunar surface and notice water ice. The lander and meanderer were demolished during the endeavored arriving in September, 2019.
The lander of Chandrayaan 2, 'Vikram', was named after the pioneer of India's space program, physicist Dr Vikram Sarabhai.
- The information from seven out of the eight instruments was gathered by the Indian Space Science Data Center at Karnataka's Byalalu, where it was set up in the Planetary Data System 4 (PDS4) design for public delivery prior to being peer-surveyed deductively. It was then delivered through the PRADAN entry facilitated by ISSDC at https://pradan.issdc.gov.in
On completion of one year of the orbiter being in space, Isro had said that the spacecraft was ‘healthy’, performance of subsystems were normal, and there was adequate onboard fuel to remain operational for about seven years.
Chandrayaan-2
The Chandrayaan-2 mission was successfully launched on 22nd July 2019 at 14:43 hrs by GSLV MkIII-M1 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. After a series of Earth bound manoeuvres, the spacecraft entered into Lunar Transfer Trajectory (LTT) on August 14th. Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) manoeuvre was performed on August 20th, thereby Chandrayaan-2 was successfully inserted into the elliptical orbit around the Moon. This was followed by a series of Lunar bound orbit maneuvers for reducing the orbit to circular polar orbit around the Moon.
On September 2nd, Vikram lander separated from the Orbiter and de-orbiting maneuver was performed to reduce the orbit to 35 km x 101 km. Vikram landing was attempted on 7th September and it followed the planned descent trajectory from its orbit of 35 km to around 2 km above the surface. Communication with lander and ground station was lost. All the systems and sensors of the Lander functioned excellently until this point and proved many new technologies such as variable thrust propulsion technology used in the Lander. However, the Orbiter is healthy and all the payloads are operational.
Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is currently in a 100 km x 100 km orbit around the Moon, carries 8 experiments for studies ranging from surface geology and composition to exospheric measurements that would continue to build upon the understanding from previous lunar missions.
Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) is an X ray fluorescence (XRF) experiment on board Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter to map the elemental abundances of the major rock forming elements on the lunar surface. The operating energy range 0.8 keV to 15 keV covers the XRF lines from Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe as well as Na, Cr etc which may be detected. The spatial resolution is 12.5 km x 12.5 km from a 100 km orbit. In order to convert the XRF line flux to abundances, the incident solar spectrum is measured simultaneously with the X ray Solar Monitor (XSM) payload onboard Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter."
Solar X-ray Monitor (abbreviated as XSM)
XSM is a scientific instrument on-board the orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 mission. XSM, along with another instrument CLASS, comprise a scientific experiment known as remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It provides the measurement of soft X-ray spectrum from Sun, which is used for the quantitative analysis of the Lunar X-ray fluorescence measurements by CLASS to obtain estimate of the elemental composition of Lunar surface on global scale. XSM instrument employs Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) to cover the X-ray energy range of 1-15 keV with a spectral resolution of better than 180 eV at 5.9 keV. XSM also incorporates an innovative moving mechanism in order to cover the wide range of intensities of X-rays during large solar flares. Apart from providing support to CLASS experiment, the high cadence X-ray spectral measurements during wide range of Solar flare classes will be useful in improving our understanding of the Solar corona.
The Imaging Infra-red Spectrometer (IIRS)
IIRS is an imaging hyperspectral instrument studying for mineralogy of lunar surface (including the hydroxyl signature). IIRS operates in the 800 - 5000 nm spectral range with about 256 contiguous bands. It has 80m ground sampling distance (GSD) and 20km swath at nadir from 100km orbit altitude. Optical design is based on the TMA as fore-optics and Offner (convex multi-blazed grating) based spectrometer. Focal plane array (FPA) is HgCdTe (MCT) based actively cooled to 90K, having 500 x 256 pixels format with 30μm pixel size.
The dual frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR)
SFSAR a microwave imaging instrument, is configured with L-band (1.25GHz) and S-band (2.5GHz) SAR systems with resolution capability from 2m to 75m (slant-range). It is designed to operate in fully- polarimetric and hybrid-polarimetric modes to enable unambiguous detection of water-ice on the lunar poles. The unique combination of simultaneous L- and S-band polarimetric SAR operation is expected to provide quantitative estimation of water-ice over the lunar-poles.
Chandrayaan-2 Dual-Frequency SAR
SAR is bringing out lunar surface and sub-surface physical characteristics by operating in various modes, such as: High resolution with 2m slant-range (one-order better than previously flown lunar-radars), Full-polarimetric mode (first-ever in any planetary mission), L-band hybrid-polarimetry (first L-band operation on the Moon).
An Orbiter high resolution camera (OHRC)
is a very high spatial resolution camera operating in visible panchromatic (PAN) band. OHRC’s primary goal is to image landing-site region prior to landing for characterization and finding hazard-free zones. Post landing operation of the OHRC will be for scientific studies of small-scale features on lunar surface. Ground sampling distance (GSD) and swath of OHRC (in nadir view) are 0.25m and 3km respectively, from 100 km altitude.
Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2)
TMC 2 is a follow-on of the TMC onboard Chandrayan-1 TMC-2 payload is configured to provide panchromatic images (0.4μm to 0.85μm) in 5m spatial resolution and stereo triplets (fore, nadir and aft views) from 100 km circular orbit around moon for preparing detailed 3-D map or Digital Elevation model (DEM) of the complete lunar surface (especially the smaller objects like craters, riles, flow structures, smaller graben forms). DEM derived from TMC-2 will be used for detail morphometric analysis of lunar surface.
CHACE 2 is a quadrupole mass spectrometer based payload in the orbiter segment of the Chandrayaan 2 mission of India. The scientific objective of this instrument is to study the neutral composition of the tenuous lunar exosphere. The CHACE-2 instrument, apart from having a quadrupole mass filter, also has a Bayard Alpert gauge to measure the total pressure. CHACE-2 derives its heritage from the MENCA payload aboard the Mars Orbiter Mission.
The Dual Frequency Radio Science (DFRS)
DFRS experiment aboard Chandrayaan-II uses communication channel between Orbiter and ground in Radio Occultation mode to study the temporal evolution of electron density in the Lunar ionosphere. It consists of a highly stable 20 MHz EMXO source, having a stability of the order of 10-11, which generates two coherent signals at X (8496 MHz), and S (2240 MHz) band of radio frequencies. The coherent radio signals, transmitted simultaneously from satellite, and received at ground based deep station network receivers would be used to study temporal and spatial variations in the Lunar ionosphere. the major science objectives of the experiments include, (a) to study the variations in the ionosphere/ atmosphere at Moon , (b) to explore if the Ionosphere at Moon is omnipresent or has episodic appearances and, (c) to confirm the source of the ions in the lunar ionosphere, whether dusty or molecular ions. According to the experiment, every two hours we will get one ingress and then one egress observations.
Under the public authority's new space area controller, IN-SPACe, the private startup has consented to an arrangement with ISRO for its first little satellite dispatch vehicle, Agnikul; ISRO, then, reported a deferred in its Gaganyaan monitored space mission.
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India in Space This Month: First Private Indian Space Shuttle, ISRO Gaganyaan Delayed
Agent picture. (Photograph: ISRO)
India is one of the significant individuals from space missions around the globe, with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) driving the country to spearhead Mangalyaan and Chandrayaan space missions as of now. Normally, there is critical interest in this area, and this month, two significant updates have come from the space area in India. The first relates to India's first private space startup concurrence with ISRO, while the second attests to the effect that the Covid pandemic has had across businesses as ISRO declared a deferral in its preliminary missions for Gaganyaan – India's first human spaceflight venture.
Agnikul and ISRO's agreement
Recently, on December 3, Chennai-based startup Agnikul Cosmos declared that it has consented to a non-exposure arrangement with India's headspace association, ISRO, to help build up the country's first secretly created and worked little satellite dispatch vehicle. The last mentioned, which the startup calls Agnibaan, will pick up a significant edge by drawing specialized ability from ISRO, alongside ISRO's offices, in its undertakings.
The declaration is the first of its sort after the Indian government opened up the space area for private players and set up IN-SPACe, an administrative body that will administer privately owned business support in India's space area. The Agnibaan dispatch vehicle will work just for little satellite dispatches and uses a semi-cryogenic motor at its center. Its satellite payloads can reach out a limit of 100kg, and it can send these satellites in low-Earth circles somewhere in the range of 160km and 1,000km above Earth.
A Bloomberg-Quint report expresses that Agnikul has just raised $4 million, or near Rs, 30 crores, from different speculators across two financings adjusts. It additionally expresses that ISRO, alongside the startup, will cooperatively pursue building up the Agnibaan dispatch vehicle and prepared it for dispatch as ahead of schedule as 2022.
ISRO Gaganyaan delay
While Agnibaan's 2022 dispatch course of events came as a lift for the startup, ISRO itself has reported that the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a postponement in its Gaganyaan mission's at first focused on dispatch timetable. ISRO boss K. Sivan expressed to the PTI that Gaganyaan is among one of its key missions that are being postponed because of Covid-19. Among other ISRO ventures that are confronting a deferral because of Covid-19 is Aditya-L1, India's first mission to the sun.
Sivan has expressed that while the first of the two uncrewed preliminary missions for Gaganyaan was booked for December 2020, that is presently being rescheduled to "some time one year from now end, or the ensuing year." This basically implies that the main preliminary mission for Gaganyaan may now be embraced just some time in 2022. The underlying course of events spread out for Gaganyaan focused on the main preliminary dispatch in December 2020, trailed constantly preliminary mission in June 2021.
The principal human spaceflight mission under Gaganyaan was required to make history and take off before the finish of 2021. That course of events currently looks set to be postponed until at any rate the finish of 2022, or even past. Such deferrals, however, are not unnatural in the space area. Given the affectability of these activities, combined with the requirement for ultra high accuracy designing, space missions frequently observe certain defers that expand well past only one year.
Taking everything into account, 2022 has all the earmarks of being a possibly fundamental year for India in space, where the two its first human spaceflight and its first private spaceflight may occur.
The nation may launch its first crewed Gaganyaan in 2023.
GAGANYAAN MISSION ISRO
So far, sending humans into space has been limited to the space programs of only three countries: the U.S., Russia (inheriting that of the former Soviet Union), and, joining them in the 21st century, China. But a fourth is poised to follow: the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), India's space exploration agency.
ISRO isn't afraid to dream big. The agency's head, K. Sivan, has talked about space stations and moonwalks. ISRO hopes that the long arc toward those goals can begin with its first program of crewed missions, Gaganyaan (derived from Sanskrit, meaning "sky-vehicle"). But Gaganyaan's timetable remains murky — largely thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Certainly, all the pieces are coming into place. ISRO's first four would-be space travelers recently spent about a year in Russia, familiarizing themselves with old Soyuz capsules and simulating spaceflight conditions in centrifuges and pressure chambers. Now, they've returned to India, where they'll begin training on the Gaganyaan capsule itself. To ensure that its space travelers are in good health, ISRO unveiled an agreement with its French counterpart in April. India and France have a long history of space cooperation, and France has plenty of space medicine knowledge that it has previously brought to programs like the International Space Station.
"It is only logical that Indian flight medical professionals train and learn from the French," Mukund Kadursrinivas Rao, chief executive of the Centre for Spatial Analytics and Advanced GIS in Bangalore, India, told Space.com.
ISRO hopes that such international partnerships will help build up the technology it needs to send up humans for the long term. To wit, ISRO has unveiled Indian space food and a humanoid robot for uncrewed flights. Rao says that, closer to home in India, ISRO has tested other key aspects of Gaganyaan, such as its launch abort and re-entry systems.
But looming over all of it is the tragic specter of COVID-19; India is now reopening after a debilitating second wave of the disease. ISRO had dedicated some of its resources to helping the country's strained healthcare system supply liquid oxygen and medical equipment. In the meantime, many of the agency's employees had to stay at home. "That was a difficult step, I think," Rao said, explaining that it disrupted important tasks like assembling and testing the spacecraft, activities that need to be done in person.
"There are also many industries contributing to the missions, and they too would be affected," Rao said. Plans called for the Gaganyaan program to kick off with two uncrewed test launches, the first set for December 2021. That date has come and gone; now, it appears the first launch will occur near the end of 2022, with the second coming in 2022. After that, the third Gaganyaan mission would carry ISRO's historic first spacefarers to orbit. At least some Indian government officials wanted that crewed launch to take off in August 2022, around the 75th anniversary of modern India's independence. But a government minister recently said it won't happen before 2023.
A one-piece that remains is ensuring that the spacecraft — and the spacefarers on board — are never out of contact with controllers on Earth. ISRO's ground stations are concentrated in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. To patch in the rest of the globe, ISRO is planning to launch a pair of data-relay satellites. Such spacecraft will be crucial even for the uncrewed missions, according to Rao.
Gaganyaan isn't ISRO's only project to face delays. ISRO's next moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 — which seeks to put a rover on the moon after its last attempt crashed on the lunar surface in September 2019 — was scheduled to take off later in 2021. Now, it seems to have slipped into 2022.
VYOMANAUT
Indian astronauts will be called vyomanauts.
The Indian Space Agency, ISRO, may not be the most well-known space agency across the world. However, even with a small budget and a late start compared to other countries, its achievements have been remarkable. From sending 104 satellites in a single rocket to inserting a probe in a Martian orbit on their first attempt, India is quickly becoming a global player in the space scene. And whereas space agencies like NASA or ESA have budgets of billions of dollars, ISRO has successfully completed interplanetary missions at a fraction of the price.
Next up for ISRO is the ambitious Gaganyaan mission, which will be India’s first manned space venture. So, what exactly does ISRO hope to achieve with the Gaganyaan mission? Will this be the forerunner of bigger and better things?
we will investigate the details of the Gaganyaan mission, and what the Indian Space Agency hopes to achieve in the future. Rakesh Sharma is the first and the only Indian citizen to travel in space up until this point. He was a part of the Soyuz T-11 mission, which was a collaboration between ISRO and the Soviet space program all the way back in 1984. During this mission, he stayed aboard the Salyut 7 space station, a tiny space station that existed back in the 1980s. Since then, there have been plans for further manned missions from India itself.
One such mission began in 2006, but the project never took off due to low funding, meaning it never passed the initial planning stages. Fortunately, however, ISRO's success in space science over the past decade has led to a renewed interest in a manned mission.
All going well, this will be the next breakthrough for the space agency. In fact, this goal was confirmed by India’s Prime Minister, as one of his commitments since being in power has been to send Indians to space again by 2022, and this time independently from any other space agency. So, how will they go about doing this? Well, the initial plan is that ISRO’s pride and joy, the GSLV MKIII Launch vehicle, will take the Gaganyaan spacecraft into a low Earth orbit. Gaganyaan will be a fully autonomous spacecraft, designed to carry two or three astronauts into a low earth orbit at 400km altitude for seven days. The spacecraft consists of a crew module, where the astronauts stay; and a service module that contains a variety of support systems. The spacecraft itself will be propelled by two liquid-propellant engines. These two modules combined make up the orbital module, which can provide life-support to the crew for seven days before they splash down in the ocean. This will be an impressive feat, seven days in space is quite a long time for a simple capsule.
Generally speaking, capsules transporting astronauts have only ever needed to make short trips, for instance, the Russians have docked with the ISS in only 6 hours after take-off, and even for longer trips, it takes at most about 2-3 days.
GAGANYAAN flights
To meet the 2022 deadline, ISRO has two unmanned test launches planned for December 2021 and July 2022 respectively. The two unmanned flights will help ensure that everything functions correctly - including the environment control in the modules and to test whether the capsule will remain safe for humans during the duration of the journey.
Dr. V R Lalithambika, director, human spaceflight program, during a unique meeting on Gaganyaan at the International Conference and Exhibition On Space — Ushering The New Era In Indian Space Sector, coordinated by the CII, said on Thursday, "There has been an enormous public interest among young people in the Gaganyaan mission.
GAGANYAAN mission director
GAGANYAAN mission director V. R. Lalithambika
Dr. V R Lalithambika, director, human spaceflight program, during a unique meeting on Gaganyaan at the International Conference and Exhibition On Space — Ushering The New Era In Indian Space Sector, coordinated by the CII, said on Thursday, "There has been an enormous public interest among young people in the Gaganyaan mission.
Indian astronauts will be called vyomanauts.
“vyomanauts”
1. It is a word derived from the Sanskrit language.
2. Sanskrit for sky or space is “ Vyoma “.
3. It was also proposed to call them “ Gagnauts “.
4. Hindi for sky is “ gagan “.
But vyomanauts is accepted by ISRO for calling space travelers from India.
So the accepted term is “ vyomanauts”.
Name of the robot that India sent to space before Gaganyaan
Vyommitra
Vyommitra
Human space flight simply has to be a serious step up in complexity and thoroughness compared to robotic missions, as there’s a lot more at stake should a manned mission fail. Additionally, ISRO has developed a female humanoid robot named “Vyommitra”. This humanoid robot will be a part of both the manned and unmanned missions of Gaganyaan. During the uncrewed missions, Vyommitra can mimic human functions and will record parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate. Vyommitra will also be able to recognize and understand astronauts, and ISRO hopes to see if she can be of help to them during the manned mission. Other space companies see the value in a robotic colleague too. Recently, SpaceX sent an anthropomorphic test dummy named “Ripley” to mimic human functions, similar to Vyom Mitra.
candidates
In January 2020, ISRO shortlisted 4 men who are going to be a part of the Gaganyaan mission. The four candidates have already begun their 12-month training at Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Centre, Russia. Now, of course, humanity already has a lot of experience in LEO, so this mission is less of a scientific mission, rather more of a technology demonstration mission.
GAGANYAAN future
However, it is an important first step for ISRO and its future independent missions, which will include Chandrayaan-3, ISRO’s third mission to the moon, and Shukrayaan-1, its first attempt at a mission to Venus. ISRO even hopes to one day build its own space station. So, there we have it, a look at some of the exciting missions that will be coming from India. Personally, I think this is a good thing for the space sector. Competition breeds innovation, and if India can make space travel safe and cheap, it can benefit the world going forward.
This is my 3d render of the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE – 1) was a capsule weighing 555kg it was sent into orbit this capsule was special because it was India's 1st thing sent into orbit and did a controlled recovery.
Spacecraft Design
As you can see solar panels and 8 thrusters. Above you can see the tiles and cone. Let's discuss this in detail a bit its base diameter is about 2m height is about 1.6m nose cone base is 0.5m below you have solar panels for power 8 thrusters to control the capsule middle has a hatch for parachutes and a balloon, will explain properly at the end the tiles are silica tiles these tiles will protect during reentry a carbon-phenolic nose cone on top which can bear high temps.
why was this experiment made?
ISRO wanted to prove it can do a controlled reentry... a hypersonic reentry and that they can precisely land a capsule at its spot so from launch to recovery they also wanted to prove reliability and also show that they are ready for a human spaceflight program these all tech is used in the capsules that humans will be flying on in our case the Gaganyaan Capsule now this was in 2007!
It was launched on PSLV C7 in Jan 2007, this was launched with a Cartosat Satellite and another 2 commercial sat's it was a dual adapter launch it was in orbit for around 12 days it had 2 experiments inside it one was a metal-related crystal experiment and a nano-particle experiment the experiments were a success the papers relating to them were behind a paywall.
Reentry
interesting indeed then time came to deboost it so the engines were fired in a retrograde direction (opposite) then it rotated again to bring the nose cone forward so the cone will bear reentry heat it reentered well they wanted to test new things during this phase when a capsule is rendering and when plasma starts forming ... there is a communication blackout can't receive or send signals there was some tech implemented for this like... during a blackout, it will store all info locally and... as soon as it comes out of the plasma phase it will.... it will relay back all data it did all this successfully, it had to seperate 3 parachutes... 2 drogues shoots and a main parachute it did that successfully and finally splashed down in the bay of Bengal it inflated its floater device or it would sink it remained afloat another interesting thing is it released a fluorescent dye in the water that makes searching via air easy that was the visual part it also turned on its rescue beacon hence Indian Navy and coast guard could locate it as soon as it was located divers dived and checked it... then attached floaters... then it was put on a boat and brought back this was very important and sure many people haven't even heard about it ever heard of SRE-1.
where was its tech used?
The carbon-phenolic nose cone and silica tiles can be seen on the RLV have a look at many things in use and will be used on Gaganyaan its heat shield will mostly be different though maybe pica heat shield I found the platform very interesting look we will be able to do the experiment's on gaganyaan no doubt that will be expensive and send limited experiments and it won't happen frequently as well but this capsule is small, 2m dia and 555kg weights maybe.
we can make it lighter with new tech?
A slightly smaller capsule can be launched on the SSLV too... I feel if this platform was active today ... Indian institutes would have a unique microgravity research platform, it would be unique today as well its not like ISRO stopped it immediately they had planned SRE-2 and SRE-3 which were better but never took off they got canceled then gaganyaan came into focus my question to you is .... should ISRO bring this back? just for microgravity experiments not really that big scale it up/down ..Improve it a whole bit. what do you think? when gaganyaan will launch with Indians, everyone will be happy but don't forget this, this was the start to consider.
France International Space university or IISC is a non-profit interdisciplinary University established in 1987 they offer best training in aerospace with groundbreaking facilities some of the notable projects include mars analogue path autonomous Lunar transport vehicle exploration of Mars from martian orbit etc.
9 space science and engineering Centre space science and engineering Centre SSEC
is research centre that mainly focuses on geophysical research and atmospheric concentration and variability it is an integral part of University of Wisconsin Madison Graduate School major programs include atmospheric studies of earth and other planet space machine hardware development and fabrication Data access interactive computing and image processing
8. space studies Institute California
it is a non-profit organisation found in 1977 by Gerard o'neill from Princeton University their mission is to open the energy and material resources of space for human benefits notable project include lunar sodium search Mass driver simulation lunar mining simulations etc
7 space x
space X is the first successful private company founded by Elon Musk in 2002 the company has recently gained a lot of popularity because of its low cost rocket launch their primary aim is to reduce space transportation cost and enable colonization of Mars achievements include first successful reuse of an orbital rocket Falcon 9 first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket and also they are the first private company to send spacecraft to ISS
6. China National space administration
China National space administration or CNSA was established in 1983 and is headquartered in Beijing CNSA is responsible for development and planning of space related activities in China major projects include double star mission Kuafu mission satellite space based ASAT system etc
5. Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO is an Indian government space agency it was established in 1969 and holds the world record of launching 104 satellites in a single rocket PSLV C37 also ISRO was successful in sending spacecraft to marti orbit on the very first attempt for a total expenditure as low as 75 million dollars making it most cost-effective Mars mission ever other achievements include Chandrayaan I which is a moon mission for data exploration
4. Japan Aerospace exploration agency
Japan Aerospace Exploration agency was established in 2003 and is headquartered in Chofu Tokyo it is responsible for technology development, research works, launching satellites etc some of the notable missions include lunar exploration solar sail research Small body exploration called Hayabusa etc
3. European space agency
ESA was established in 1975 and it is an intergovernmental organisation under 20 European states It has more than 2000 employees and has an annual budget of 5 billion dollars notable accomplishments include COROT Space Telescope Mars Express which is a space probe sent to Mars likewise Venus Express Artemis which is the most advanced telecommunications satellite XMM Newton which is an x-ray observatory satellite etc
2. Russian Federal space agency
Russian Federal space agency or roscosmos for short is a Russian government space research agency established in 1992 with an overall budget of 5.6 billion dollars some of the major projects are returned to the moon return to Venus Angara launcher Mars simulation etc.
some of the current missions include FOBOS which is a Mars mission Luna which is a moon orbiter and Verena which is a venus launcher also, the world's first satellite Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957 starting the space age in human history finally
The number one NASA
Goddard Institute of space studies National Aeronautics and Space Administration is United State's space agency established in 1958 World's most space research exploration efforts have been held by NASA including Skylab, project Apollo, project Gemini, project Mercury etc the major projects that NASA is currently working on is Mars Exploration Rover Ulysses is designed to study Sun Galileo probe to study Jupiter and its moon etc.
So those were the top 10 space research organisations in the world do let us know what do you think about this list in the comment
RLV is a series of technology demonstration missions that has been conceived by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as a first step towards realising a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) re-usable launch vehicle.
The RLV TD is India’s first-ever indigenous made Reusable Launch Vehicle technology.
The Reusable Launch Vehicle can launch satellites into orbit around earth and then re-enter the atmosphere. It will also be able carry astronauts.
The RLV TD is the space analog of an aircraft.
Ideally it takes off vertically on the back of an expendable rocket and then glides back down like an aircraft. During landing phase, an RLV can either land on a runway or perform a splashdown. Small wings provide maneuverability support during landing.
ISRO successfully flight tested
ISRO believe that they could reduce the cost of launching stuff into space by as much as 10 times May 23, 2016 ISRO successfully flight tested India’s first winged body aerospace vehicle operating in hyper sonic flight regime.
In this experimental mission, the HS 9 solid rocket booster carrying RLV TD lifted off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. After a successful flight of 91.1 second, HS 9 burn out occurred, following which both HS 9 and RLV-TD mounted on its top coasted to a height of about 56 km. At that height, RLV TD separated from HS 9 booster and further ascended to a height of about 65 km.
From that peak altitude of 65 km, RLV TD began its descent followed by atmospheric re-entry at around Mach 5 five times the speed of sound.
The vehicle’s Navigation, Guidance and Control system accurately steered the vehicle during this phase for safe descent.
After successfully surviving a high temperatures of re-entry with the help of its Thermal Protection System (TPS), RLV TD successfully glided down to the defined landing spot over Bay of Bengal, at a distance of about 450km from Sriharikota, thereby fulfilling its mission objectives.
The vehicle was successfully tracked during its flight from ground stations at Sriharikota and a shipborne terminal.
Total flight duration from launch to landing of this mission lasted for about 770 seconds A total of four RLV-TD flights are planned by ISRO.
HEX (Hyper-sonic Flight Experiment) completed on 23 May 2016.
LEX (Landing Experiment)
REX (Return Flight Experiment)
SPEX (Scram jet Propulsion Experiment) The RLV-TD is a part of a larger experiment this particular spacecraft is scaled down almost six times smaller than what the final version will be , which is around 40 meters that is equal to 12 Floors. It is described as "a very preliminary step" in the development of a reusable rocket, whose final version is expected to take 10-15 years and expect to launch in 2030.
Today we will learn about ISRO's secretive reusable rocket programme. This Program is called ADMIRE. ADMIRE full form is not in the public domain but it possibly means Advanced Mission and Recovery Experiments. ADMIRE will be a demonstrating platform on Which ISRO will demonstrate it's VTVL capability. which means vertical takeoff and vertical landing.
So the rocket will take off vertically and the 1st stage, in this case, will land vertically. Just like the SpaceX rockets Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. This will be a very important capability for India if it wants to move towards Re usability. These are the only official images from ISRO. These images were added to presentations ISRO presented at International Conferences. I have picked these up from there. Let's dig into the details. Starting from the bottom you can see landing legs. There's a Vikas engine, which can be identified from the shape of the combustion chamber. There are fins near the legs, on top, there are grid fins. then the nose cone on top. Now it depends on how the test will be performed.
SpaceX, before attempting landing with their Falcon 9 1st Stage .... they tested their landing models on a small rocket called Grasshopper. as you can see Grasshopper was a small rocket booster which verified their landing models. It went up, hovered a bit and came back down in one of the tests. Many were speculating this could be a grasshopper-like test. I have my doubts on this claim. As you can see , the rocket has fins on the bottom. and fins only work if the rocket has some velocity or they will be a dead weight. I feel this rocket will go pretty high up. and then do a landing attempt. So we should expect a flight of a few kilometres. Because the fins are mostly for stabilization. for some reason, journalists don't ask such questions at press conferences. I don't know !!! probably not like grasshopper.
Now ISRO might not be able to use a normal Vikas engine here. The engine needs the capability to restart. Engine fired. Liftoff. Shut Down. Fire again while landing. Hence we need a restarting engine to land. But in this case. Vikas engine uses hyperbolic fuels. Which means it doesn't have an igniter. So when the Oxidizer and fuel come in contact they burn on their own. So maybe it isn't as difficult to restart it? I'm not sure, maybe a subject matter expert can explain this.
Grid fins
Grid fins are very important SpaceX rockets too have these. earlier they used Aluminium grid fins, now they have switched to Titanium grid fins. Because Titanium is better at tolerating heat. and have to be replaced less often. Grid Fins will help steer the rocket. The 4 grid fins will help rocket control Pitch, Yaw, and Roll. As you can see in the SpaceX video So we do not have to you RCS Quite often. RCS meaning Reaction control System . small puffs of gas which come out ... of small nozzles placed around rockets to control its movements So we can aerodynamically control the rocket. So a big advantage during reentry. It will also help induce more drag on the rocket body to slow it down further and act as an air brake. and as a steering mechanism tooo...
Legs
We don't really know how the legs on ADMIRE will be. Will they be per deployed? can they be kept stowed during launch ? and open up when required? so many questions.. only ISRO knows the current design of ADMIRE. ISRO once in a statement had said That they will use a LASER altimeter during landing' India's own Navigation system NavIC will be used for Navigation. I have made a CRITICAL on NavIC vs GPS. LASER Altimeter will be used during landing. finding Altitude of the rocket using LASERSSSSSS maybe ISRO may use the LASER altimeter... developed for the Vikram Lander. Maybe they might use a similar version. nobody knows when it will launch? was suppose to be 2020, now 2021? next year? we might just see it this year ... my opinion on this ? See let's be clear ADMIRE is a test bed to verify their landing models. the learning from this will go into future rockets. We currently too don't have a proper reusable engine.
what is going to happen
first when ISRO could see what happens to an engine that has already taken flight. and to learn to refurbish a engine after flight also, know if it can be reused in the 1st place. Probably a variant of this rocket will be made in future Many people talk about ULV. The rumoured Unified Launch Vehicle. But the priorities of this have changed with every chairman. Looks like we are looking at GSLV MK 4 /5.... or maybe RLV and then in the end ULV maybe? We also need to make an engine which is very powerful and reusable. ISRO's upcoming SCE 200 ... Semi Cryogenic engine 200 want to make a ARTICLE on it soon.. if only we could make the engine reusable enough. because that engine is pretty powerful.... and a big rocket stage would be EPIC the most fruitful combination though will be when ISRO will combine this with RLV's future version. Imagine the 1st stage comes back and lands and we are able to recover the 2nd stage too So our current RLV , space shuttle like spacecraft ISRO is planning to scale the design up i am going to make a video soon on it both of them combined could make a TSTO two stage to orbit which will be very impressive then only will costs come down! the poverty of knowledge is real poverty. bably not like grasshopper. Now let's talk about Vikas Engine. Now ISRO might not be able to use a normal Vikas engine here. The engine needs the capability to restart. Engine fired. Liftoff. ShutDown. Fire again while landing. Hence we need a restarting engine to land. But in this case.. Vikas engine uses hypergolic fuels. Which means it doesn't have an ignitor. So when the Oxidiser and fuel come in contact they burn on their own. So maybe it isn't as difficult to restart it? I'm not sure, maybe a subject matter expert can explain this. Let's now talk about grid fins Grid fins are very important SpaceX rockets too have these. earlier they used Aluminium grid fins, now they have switched to Titanium grid fins. Because Titanium is better at tolerating heat. and have to be replaced less often. Grid Fins will help steer the rocket. The 4 grid fins will help rocket control Pitch, Yaw, and Roll. As you can see in the SpaceX video So we do not have to you RCS Quite often. RCS meaning Reaction control System . small puffs of gas which come out ... of small nozzles placed around rockets to control its movements So we can aerodynamically control the rocket. So a big advantage during reentry. It will also help induce more drag on the rocket body to slow it down further and act as an air brake. and as a steering mechanism tooo... Now let's talk about the legs We don't really know how the legs on ADMIRE will be. Will they be pre deployed? can they be kept stowed during launch ? and open up when required? so many questions.. only ISRO knows the current design of ADMIRE. ISRO once in a statement had said That they will use a LASER altimeter during landing' India's own Navigation system NavIC will be used for Navigation. I have made a video on NavIC vs GPS. LASER Altimeter will be used during landing. finding Altitude of the rocket using LASERSSSSSS maybe ISRO may use the LASER altimeter... developed for the Vikram Lander. Maybe they might use a similar version. nobody knows when it will launch? was suppose to be 2019, now 2020? next year? we might just see it this year ... my opinion on this ? See let's be clear ADMIRE is a testbed to verify their landing models. the learning from this will go into future rockets. We currently too don't have a proper reusable engine. Also, this will be a first when ISRO could see what happens to an engine that has already taken flight. and to learn to refurbish a engine after flight also, know if it can be reused in the 1st place. Probably a variant of this rocket will be made in future Many people talk about ULV. The rumoured Unified Launch Vehicle. But the priorities of this have changed with every chairman. Looks like we are looking at GSLV MK 4 /5.... or maybe RLV and then in the end ULV maybe? We also need to make an engine which is very powerful and reusable. ISRO's upcoming SCE 200 ... Semi Cryogenic engine 200 want to make a video on it soon.. if only we could make the engine reusable enough. because that engine is pretty powerful.... and a big rocket stage would be EPIC the most fruitfull combination though will be when ISRO will combine this with RLV's future version. Imagine the 1st stage comes back and lands and we are able to recover the 2nd stage too So our current RLV , space shuttle like sapcecraft ISRO is planning to scale the design up i am going to make a video soon on it both of them combined could make a TSTO two stage to orbit which will be very impressive then only will costs come down! the poverty of knowledge is real poverty.
ISRO's full form is the Indian Space Research Organisation.
who is the chairman of isro
Dr Kailasavadivoo Sivan
ISRO is one of the world's leading and successful space research centers.
ISRO was founded on 15 August 1969 under the leadership of Vikram Sarabhai, a very prominent scientist.
ISRO makes different types of satellites for India and places them in space.
Broadcast Communication, Weather Forecast, Geographic Information, Defence, Education, Telemedicine, Communication, etc satellite ISRO has been made for India.
ISRO has so far installed more than 300+ satellites in space, many of which are satellites of other countries.
ISRO built its first satellite in 1975 named Aryabhata.
You can guess from how much fame ISRO has gained today,
that today many developed countries of the world get their satellite installed in space through ISRO.
Recently, the success of ISRO's mission Chandrayaan and Mission Mars, the whole world considered the success of this Indian Space Research Organization.
scientist ingenious technicians assistant and a lot more opening the exam for each row consists of a written exam followed by group discussion of selected candidates and final interview the eligibility condition for scientist and engineer is B.Tech full time degree in mechanical electronics or computer science for technical and technical assistant job role the eligibility criteria is 10th 12th ITI or diploma the candidate should prepare for questions related to their branch and also follow gate exam syllables for each row engineer or scientist there would be 80 multiple questions with 90 minutes time there is a negative marking for the exam and hence the applicant should be careful in answering the topics covered for scientists our communication system signals and system physical electronics electron devices IC microwave engineering analog electronic circuit electromagnetic theory control system network theory computer engineering and digital electronic circuit in the same manner assistant technician and assistant for Isro have their own syllabus to be followed candidates who to get recruited in is row are to dedicate and work hard by preparing well for exam they are advice to prepare ahead of time so that they get ample time for revising they can download previous year question papers and practice them for a better understanding of the syllabus getting registered in various sites and attending mock tests for each row can help you learn time management canner should make a schedule collect all the required material and start studying for the exam candidate must allocate time for each section and star their preparation applicants can seek the help from www.freshersworld.com as it offers you complete details about East row when recruitment are published the website provides details such as exam date advertisement application methods downloading of question papers and a lot more hence fresher and applicants who desire to get into government jobs like each row can get themselves registered with freshersworld.com getting recruited in each row is one of the most challenging and prestigious post also every year surplus people try to get through the written exam but only a few get recruited into the prestigious concern applicants who dreamed to be a part of East row are to work hard and take necessary steps to clear the written test each row has many new things and astonishing expect for candidates to learn an experience and hence getting through a proper plan Bay for the written exam can surely help the candidates pass the exam and get recruited so stay connected with official site and reliable website like www.freshersworld.com for up-to-date information about a thorough jobs you
India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle in its 51st mission (PSLV-C49), will launch EOS-01 as primary satellite along with nine international customer satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. The launch is tentatively scheduled at 1502 Hrs IST on November 07, 2020, subject to weather conditions.
What is EOS ?
ISRO adopts new satellite namingstyle Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has adopted a new way of naming its Earth Observation Satellite. Now the name of such satellite will start with 'EOS'. Next the satellite will be identified based on the count.
EOS-01 is an earth observation satellite intended for applications in agriculture, forestry and disaster management support.
Satellite will prove effective in keeping an eye on enemies.
EOS-01 is an advanced series of Earth Observation Reset Satellites. Its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the ability to monitor the Earth at any time and in the weather. This satellite can also monitor the earth amidst clouds.
This satellite will help the Indian Army greatly. With the help of the satellite, it will also be easy to monitor all enemies including China. In addition, the satellite will also be used for civil applications such as farming, forestry and flood situation monitoring.
The customer satellites are being launched under commercial agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), Department of Space.
In view of the strict COVID-19 pandemic norms in place at SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota the following maybe noted:
Gathering of media personnel is not planned at SDSC SHAR
Launch viewing gallery will be closed during this launch
ISRO preparing to launch PSLV-C50
Soon after this mission, ISRO plans to launch the GSAT-12R communication satellite with a PSLV-C50 rocket in December.
Today we will learn if ISRO will SPACEFLIGHT 2020 ?
ISRO has not launched even 1 rocket this year here is a plan and we may see 4 launches in best caselet's learn about each one
Today we will learn if ISRO will PSLV an sslv SPACEFLIGHT 2020PSLV C 49 planned for November
Local news papers say PSLV C49 planned for Nov 7
what is the PSLV C49 carrying ?
PSLV-C49 to launch EOS-01 and nine customer satellites on November 07, 2020
EOS-01 is an earth observation satellite intended for applications in agriculture, forestry and disaster management support.
they will collect RF intelligence they can sell this to their customer as DaaSthey may be able to find secret maritime routes by studying RF
governments can buy data from them SPIRE too has shipping and plane related stuff so these 9
this was supposed to happen in march /April which was already delayed from 2019 now so much more delay .....almost a year late the CEO of KLEOS .
He was already not happy when the launch shifted from December to march but what can we do the situation was like that so expecting these 9 to launch around Nov 7 but ISRO is yet to tweet or make the mission page public so we should expect a announcement around Oct 31st...
let's hope or even around Nov 1/2 we should know about a week before or so so this is for Nov 2020.
PSLV C49 will launch from the 1st launch pad (FLP).
Hope fully the next launch in December will be PSLV C50 this will be from SLP.
mentioning them because they are important for the 3rd item we will hope fully know soon of the specifics but as the prep for PSLV c50 go on , on the other pad....
they will start to do modification on the FLP because SSLV D1 finally is planned to launch from there SSLV development 1 is pending since a long time we are hearing about a launch in few months since long time....
we finally have some good idea...
wont slip much hopefully
but soon soon
very excited for the launch of this small beast video will come
this is for Nov
many people were asking about GISAT is not the 4th launch i am talking about many asked me about GISAT
Many weird theories came in ....
that some country blocked and... ISRO did not specify and that was a National Security mission hence i wont comment
nobody knows anything officially atleast GISAT looks to launch in Jan
on GSLV MK2 another big one is we may see RLV LEX that is the landing mission and a video will be available so hopefully 4 events in the next 2 monthsPSLV C49 , PSLV C50, SSLV D1 and maybe RLV LEXRLV LEX might get postponed.
